Background Many variables are associated with the mental health of empty-nesters.However,few studies have brought multiple associated variables of the mental health into the influential system at the same time,and investigated the ways by which they interacting each other.Objective To explore the mechanism of copy styles and self-help capabilities on the factors affecting the mental health of empty-nesters.Methods From January 2014 to September 2015,by multi-stage sampling,365 empty-nesters living in the urban area of Chifeng,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected and surveyed by the Chinese version of EPQ-RSC,SCSQ,Self-help Capabilities for Mental Health in the Empty-nesters Scale and Chinese Mental Health Scale(aged).Three hundred and fifty(95.89%) of them effectively responding to the survey were selected as the final participants of this study.The structural equation modeling was developed and used to analyze the internal relations and transmission mechanisms between the factors associated with the mental health of urban empty-nesters.PRODCLIN program 2 described by Mackinnon was used to verify the mediating effect of the factors.Results The effect of personality traits on the mental health partly fitted the mediation model (χ2/df=1.971,GFI=0.955,AGFI=0.911,RMSEA=0.068).Introversion and extroversion indirectly exerted obvious mediating effect by positively coping with and self-help management of the factors affecting the mental health (Z=5.675,P<0.01).When the overall indirect effects in the SEM were substantial,the indirect effect of every variable was verified.Significant individual indirect effects between two variables were identified if their 95%CI respectively were (0.127,0.364),(0.168,0.471)analyzed by the PRODCLIN program 2 described by Mackinnon.Nervosity indirectly produced significant mediating effect by positively coping with and self-help management of the factors affecting the mental health (Z=-5.353,P<0.01).The indirect effect of every variable was verified when the overall indirect effects in the SEM were significant.Notable individual indirect effects between two variables were identified if their 95%CI respectively were (0.127,0.203),(0.186,0.492)processed by the PRODCLIN program 2 described by Mackinnon.Conclusion The positive coping styles and self-help capabilities significantly mediate the relationship between personality traits and mental health among urban empty-nesters.In order to maintain good mental health of the urban empty-nesters,it is suggested that intervention methods should be developed in accordance with the relationships between the factors affecting the mental health,then,based on the personal psychological and sociological assessment results,the optimal one is selected to use.In this way,good effects can be achieved by the individualized intervention,and the intervention burden,such as the waste of manpower and material resources caused by combined intervention can be reduced.%背景 空巢老人心理健康受诸多因素影响,但少有研究从整体归因出发,将多个发挥作用的心理学变量同时纳入影响体系、探讨各因素间的作用路径.目的 探讨应对方式、心理健康自助能力在城市空巢老人心理健康归因中的作用机制.方法 于2014年1月-2015年9月,采用多阶段抽样的方法选取内蒙古赤峰地区的空巢老人.采用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、空巢老人心理健康自助能力量表及中国心理健康量表(老年版)进行调查,共发放问卷365份,回收有效问卷350份,问卷有效回收率为95.89%.构建结构方程模型分析影响空巢老人心理健康的变量间的内在关系和传递机制;采用Mackinnon PRODCLIN2技术对中介效果进行验证.结果 人格特征对空巢老人心理健康的影响符合部分中介模型〔卡方/自由度(χ2/df)=1.971、适配度指数(GFI)=0.955、调整后适配度指数(AGFI)=0.911、渐进残差均方和平方根(RMSEA)=0.068〕.人格特征(内外倾)对城市空巢老人心理健康的间接效果,即积极应对、心理健康自助行为能力的中介效应显著(Z=5.675,P<0.01).在模型总间接效果显著的基础上,分别对各个中介变量的间接效果进行检定,结果显示两变量Mackinnon PRODCLIN2 95%CI分别为(0.127,0.364)、(0.168,0.471),可以认定两中介变量的单独间接效果均显著.人格特征(神经质)对城市空巢老人心理健康的间接效果,即积极应对、心理健康自助行为能力的中介效应显著(Z=-5.353,P<0.01).在模型总间接效果显著的基础上,分别对各个中介变量的间接效果进行检定,结果显示两变量Mackinnon PRODCLIN2 95%CI分别为(0.127,0.203)、(0.186,0.492),可以认定两中介变量的单独间接效果均显著.结论 积极应对、心理健康自助行为能力在人格特征对空巢老人心理健康影响中的中介效应显著.城市空巢老人的心理健康维护,应根据因素间的路径关系提炼多种可能的干预路径,并根据其心理社会因素的评估结果,选用最为优化的路径,以保证个性化干预,同时避免因联合干预造成的人力、物力资源的浪费,有效减轻干预负担,保证干预效果.
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