Objective To investigate the chest CT imaging characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacteria( NTM) lung disease patients,and compare this with the imaging characteristics of multi - drug resistant tuberculosis( MDR-TB). Methods 32 patients with NTM lung disease,who received treatment in Tianjin Haihe Hospital from January 2014 to August 2015,were collected as the NTM lung disease group,and other 59 patients with MDR-TB of the same treatment period were chosen as MDR-TB group. The characteristics of chest CT imaging of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results There was no significant difference in the number of involved lung by chest CT,single cavity,bilateral cavity,bronchiectasis,nodules detection rate of the patients in the NTM lung disease group and the MDR-TB group(P ﹥ 0. 05);the thin - wall cavity detection rate of patients by chest CT in NTM lung disease group was higher than that of the MDR-TB group,the detection rate of thick -wall cavity,pulmonary consolidation,atelectasis,calcification( in lung),hilar mediastinal lymph node calcification,lung volume reduction,pleural thickening,the pleural effusion were lower than those of the MDR-TB group( P ﹤ 0. 05). The detection rate of the ligule lobe of left lung and the right middle lobe of right lung lesions,cavities,and bronchiectasis by chest CT of the patients in NTM lung disease group were higher than those of the MDR-TB group( P ﹤ 0. 05) . There were no significant differences in the detection rate of the other parts and the total lesions,cavities,bronchiectasis and nodules of the two groups(P ﹥ 0. 05). Conclusion It is easier for NTM lung disease chest CT imaging findings to detect thin - wall cavity,while for MDR-TB to easily detect thick - wall cavity, pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, calcification ( in lung ), hilar mediastinal lymph node calcification,lung volume reduction,pleural thickening,and the pleural effusion. Although NTM lung disease has certain similarity with MDR-TB,they have their own characteristics,which help the early diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.%目的：探讨非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）肺病的胸部 CT 影像学特点，并与耐多药肺结核（ MDR-TB）的影像学特点进行比较。方法收集2014年1月—2015年8月天津海河医院收治的 NTM 肺病患者32例为 NTM 肺病组，另选择同期本院收治的MDR-TB患者59例为MDR-TB组，回顾性分析两组患者胸部 CT 影像学特点。结果 NTM 肺病组与MDR-TB组患者胸部 CT 病变累及肺叶数量分布、单发空洞、多发空洞、支气管扩张、结节检出率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）；NTM 肺病组患者胸部 CT 薄壁空洞检出率高于MDR-TB组，厚壁空洞、肺实变、肺不张、钙化（肺内）、肺门纵隔淋巴结钙化、肺体积缩小、胸膜增厚、胸腔积液检出率低于MDR-TB组（P ﹤0.05）。NTM 肺病组患者胸部 CT 左肺舌叶及右肺中叶的病变、空洞、支气管扩张检出率高于MDR-TB组（P ﹤0.05）；两组其他部位及合计病变、空洞、支气管扩张、结节检出率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）。结论 NTM 肺病胸部 CT 影像学表现更易见薄壁空洞，MDR-TB更易见厚壁空洞、肺实变、肺不张、钙化（肺内）、肺门纵隔淋巴结钙化、肺体积缩小、胸膜增厚、胸腔积液等，NTM 肺病与MDR-TB有一定相似性，但亦有各自的特点，可为临床早期诊断及早期治疗提供一定的帮助。
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