背景心理健康对大学生发展具有十分重要的意义。有关大学生人格特征及中医体质与抑郁的相关性研究较少。目的探讨大学生人格特征及9种中医体质与抑郁的相关性。方法2009年5—6月选取北京中医药大学和清华大学18~25岁的学生540名实施横断面现场调查。回收有效问卷501份，有效回收率为92.8%。采用社会人口学调查表、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版（EPQ - RSC）、中医体质量表分别调查一般资料、抑郁情况、人格特征及中医体质，采用相关性分析、多元线性回归分析、分层线性回归分析大学生人格特征及中医体质与抑郁的相关性。结果501名大学生中无抑郁360名（71.9%），抑郁141名（28.1%），其中轻度抑郁99名（19.8%）、中度抑郁38名（7.6%）、重度抑郁4名（0.8%）。大学生 SDS 评分高于全国常模〔（44.9±9.7）分与（41.9±10.6）分，t =5.53，P <0.05〕。不同性别、年龄、年级、专业大学生 SDS 评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）；不同生源地大学生 SDS 评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。EPQ - RSC 内-外向量表 T 分（50.1±10.9）分、精神质量表 T 分（49.1±9.0）分、神经质量表 T 分（50.7±11.0）分。内-外向量表 T 分与 SDS 评分呈负相关（ r =-0.357，P <0.01）；精神质量表 T 分、神经质量表 T 分与 SDS 评分呈正相关（ r =0.266、0.526， P <0.01）；内-外向量表 T 分与精神质量表 T 分呈负相关（r =-0.106，P <0.05）；内-外向量表 T 分与神经质量表T 分呈负相关（r =-0.345，P <0.01）；精神质量表 T 分与神经质量表 T 分呈正相关（r =0.096，P <0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示，神经质量表 T 分、精神质量表 T 分、内-外向量表 T 分均进入回归方程，回归方程为：抑郁=0.388×神经质量表 T 分+0.218×精神质量表 T 分-0.161×内-外向量表 T 分。大学生平和质评分与 SDS 评分呈负相关（r=-0.616，P <0.05），其他8种偏颇体质评分与 SDS 评分均呈正相关（P <0.05）。平和质、气郁质、血瘀质、阳虚质、特禀质、气虚质均进入回归方程，回归方程为：抑郁=-0.315×平和质+0.165×气郁质+0.105×血瘀质-0.066×阳虚质+0.087×特禀质-0.076×气虚质。分层线性回归分析显示，神经质量表 T 分、内-外向量表 T 分、平和质、气郁质、血瘀质、阳虚质、特禀质、气虚质均进入回归方程，所有变量可解释总变异的51.6%，其中人格特征可解释总变异的35.3%，中医体质可解释总变异的16.3%。结论人格特征、中医体质与抑郁具有密切关系，提示应健全大学生的人格，对不同偏颇体质类型人群采取相应的调体措施，可以预防抑郁。%Background The mental health plays an important role in the development of undergraduate. The studies on the relationship between personality characteristics, constitution of traditional Chinese medicine and depression in undergraduate are rare. Objective To explore the relationship between personality characteristics, nine constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine and depression in undergraduate. Methods A cross - sectional study was used to survey 540 undergraduate of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Tsinghua University aged 18 - 25 from May to June in 2009. 501 questionnaires were effective,with an effective rate of 92. 8%. The social demography questionnaire,the self - rating depression scale(SDS),the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised - Short Scale for Chinese(EPQ - RSC),and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire( CCMQ)were used to investigate the general information,depression status,psychological characteristics of personality characteristics,and constitution of traditional Chinese medicine. Correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis were used to analyse the relationship between personality characteristics,constitution of traditional Chinese medicine and depression in undergraduate. Results Among 501 cases of undergraduate,360 cases(71. 9% )did not have depression,141 cases(28. 1% )had depression,among whom 99 cases (19. 8% )had mild depression,38 cases(7. 6% )had moderate depression,4 cases(0. 8% )had severe depression. The SDS score among undergraduate were higher than the national norm〔(44. 9 ± 9. 7)vs. (41. 9 ± 10. 6),t = 5. 53,P < 0. 05〕. There were no significant differences in the SDS scores among groups with different gender,age,grade and majors(P > 0. 05). There was significance in the SDS score among groups with different native places( P < 0. 05). T score of introversion -extraversion of EPQ - RSC was(50. 1 ± 10. 9),T score of psychoticism of EPQ - RSC was(49. 1 ± 9. 0),T score of neuroticism of EPQ - RSC was(50. 7 ± 11. 0). There was a negative correlation between T score of introversion - extraversion of EPQ - RSC and SDS score(r = - 0. 357,P < 0. 01);There was a positive correlation between T score of psychoticism of EPQ- RSC and SDS score(r = 0. 266,P < 0. 01),and there was a positive correlation between T score of neuroticism of EPQ -RSC and SDS score(r = 0. 526,P < 0. 01). There was a negative correlation between T score of introversion - extraversion of EPQ - RSC and T score of psychoticism of EPQ - RSC(r = - 0. 106,P < 0. 05);there was a negative correlation between T score of introversion - extraversion of EPQ - RSC and T score of neuroticism of EPQ - RSC(r = - 0. 345,P < 0. 01);there was a positive correlation between T score of psychoticism of EPQ - RSC and T score of neuroticism of EPQ - RSC( r = 0. 096, P < 0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that T score of psychoticism of EPQ - RSC,T score of neuroticism of EPQ- RSC and T score of introversion - extraversion of EPQ - RSC entered into the regression equation. Depression = 0. 388 × T score of neuroticism of EPQ - RSC + 0. 218 × T score of psychoticism of EPQ - RSC - 0. 161 × T score of introversion - extraversion of EPQ - RSC. In nine constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine,gentleness type was negatively correlated with SDS score( r= - 0. 616,P < 0. 05),the other eight pathological constitutions were positively correlated with SDS score(P < 0. 05). The gentleness type,Qi - depression type,blood - stasis type,Yang - deficiency type,special diathesis type and Qi - deficiency type entered into the regression equation. Depression = - 0. 315 × score of gentleness type + 0. 165 × score of Qi - depression type+ 0. 105 × score of blood - stasis type - 0. 066 × score of Yang - deficiency type + 0. 087 × score of special diathesis type- 0. 076 × score of Qi - deficiency. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that T score of neuroticism of EPQ - RSC,T score of introversion - extraversion of EPQ - RSC,scores of gentleness type,Qi - depression type,blood - stasis type,Yang -deficiency type,special diathesis type and Qi - deficiency type entered into the regression equation,all variables explained 51. 6% of the total variance in the value of the depression,personality characteristics explained 35. 3% of the total variance,and nine constitutions in Chinese medicine explained 16. 3% of the total variance. Conclusion This study illustrates that personality characteristics and nine constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine are related to depression. To perfect the personality characteristics of undergraduate,and to take corresponding measures to adjust pathological constitutions,can prevent the occurrence of mental illness.
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