Chronic respiratory diseases,giving priority to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),are the most common diseases of high morbidity,mortality and morbidity,and threaten residents' health seriously. At present,chronic respiratory diseases are far from being taken seriously compared with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,cancer,and diabetes. Its prevention and control system and capacity building are still lag behind. From aspects of the national health policy, essential medicine about COPD and health insurance policy,community integrated management of COPD,prevention and control ability of COPD of primary health care physicians,the application of lung functional examination in primary health care institutions,and the cognition of patients and the social public on COPD,the paper elaborates the current situation of prevention and control system and capacity construction of COPD in primary health care institutions in China,and hopes to provide references for its prevention and control.%以慢性阻塞性肺疾病（慢阻肺）为主的慢性呼吸系统疾病是最常见，患病率、死亡率与致残率高的疾病，严重威胁居民健康。目前，与心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、糖尿病相比，呼吸疾病远未受到重视，防治体系和能力建设滞后。本文主要从国家卫生政策、慢阻肺基本用药及医保政策、慢阻肺社区综合管理、基层医生慢阻肺防治能力现状、肺功能检查在基层医疗卫生机构中的应用、患者以及社会公众对慢阻肺的认知情况等方面阐述了我国基层慢阻肺防治体系以及能力建设现状，以期为基层慢阻肺防治提供参考。
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