目的:探讨中国乡村汉族头面部特征.方法:2009年～2013年在中国36个调查地区(15个北方地区,21个南方地区)测量了8 174例乡村汉族男性成年人的12项头面部形态学指标,对36个族群的指标均数进行了聚类分析和主成分分析.结果:聚类分析结果表明,36个族群由于头面部特征的差异,大致可以区分为北方汉族、南方汉族两大类群.主成分分析结果显示,北方汉族多数族群第一主成分(PCⅠ)值小,即鼻、面、头宽度小,第二主成分(PCⅡ)值较大,即上唇皮肤部较高、鼻较深、面较高.南方汉族的PCⅠ值多为较大或中等,PCⅡ值多为中等或较小,即相对于北方汉族来说,南方汉族多为鼻、面、头宽度大或中等,上唇皮肤部高度、鼻深、面高值中等或小.结论:南、北方汉族头面部特征有一定的差异.遗传因素、环境因素、营养水平影响着汉族人的头面部发育.%Objective:To investigate the head and face features of rural Han people in China.Methods:Twenty head-face morphological indicators of 8174 rural Han adults in China's 15 northern regions and 21 southern regions were measured between the year of 2009 and 2013.Results:Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed on the indices of 36 ethnic groups.The results of cluster analysis showed that differences of the 36 ethnic groups in the characteristics of the head and face could be divided into the northern Han and the southern Han.The principal component analysis showed that the nose,face,head width of most of the northern Han ethnic groups were small and they had high upper lip skin,deep nose and high surface.The nose,face,head width of most of the southern Han ethnic groups were large or medium and the value of upper lip skin height,nose depth,and the face height were medium or small.Most of the southern Han had large or medium nose,face and head width and they had medium or small upper lip skin height,deep nose and high value.Conclusion:There are some differences in the head and face features between northern and southern Han people.The development of Han people's head and face is affected by genetics,environment and nutritional level.
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