Oxidation is one of the simplest and widely used methods in chemical modification of polysaccharides.In the process of oxidation,hydroxyl groups of polysaccharides molecules are oxidized to aldehyde or carboxyl groups. Oxidized polysaccharides with these groups have many desirable properties and have been widely used in the fields of food,medicine,and chemical engineering. In this review,the mechanisms and conditions of polysaccharides oxidation with different oxidizing agents,including sodium periodate,sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide are introduced.Then the effects of oxidation on the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of oxidized polysaccharides are described.In addition, we presented in details the application of oxidized polysaccharides as crosslinking, inclusive and antibacterial agents for biomedical materials.%氧化是多糖化学改性中最为简单和广泛应用的方法之一,它将多糖的大量羟基转变为醛基或羧基,并赋予多糖许多理想的性能.氧化多糖已被广泛应用于食品、医药和化工等领域.本文中,笔者介绍了以高碘酸盐、次氯酸钠和过氧化氢为氧化剂制备氧化多糖的机制与条件,探讨了氧化对多糖分子结构和物化性能的影响.最后,对氧化多糖在蛋白基生物材料交联剂、包合物制备和新型抗菌剂等生物医药领域的应用进行了介绍.
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