With the rapid economic development and the growth in demand for resources,the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs),that are closely associated with environmental pollution and global warming.Greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) and syngas (CO) can be used effectively for the production of biofuels and chemicals by microorganisms. In this review,we discuss various microorganisms including methanotroph, microalgae, and clostridium capable of converting C1 gaseous substrates (CH4,CO2 and CO) into biofuels and chemicals.We also outline multiple biological and metabolic pathways as well as the optimization of bioconversion processes. A preliminary economic analysis presents a great potential of bioconversion of C1 gaseous substrates into biofuels and chemicals in terms of production cost and greenhouse gas emission reduction.%近年来,随着经济的快速发展和人们对于资源需求的增长,化石燃料的使用越来越多,这一方面加剧了能源的过度消耗,另一方面导致了环境污染和温室效应加重.为了在保护环境的同时有效地利用资源,越来越多的研究集中在通过细胞工厂平台进行能源和化学品的生物合成.利用特定的微生物(如嗜甲烷菌、微藻和梭菌等)可以将温室气体和合成气中的碳一成分通过发酵过程转化为能源和化学品.本文中,笔者详细讨论了不同微生物转化3种碳一气体(CH4、CO2和CO)的生物代谢途径、关键合成酶、最终代谢产物和生物转化过程的优化及放大.
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