To analyze and summarize the clinicopathological features of renal inflammatory lesions which were easily misdiagnosed as renal tumors.Methods The cases from March 2006 to August 2015 in the Department of Pathology at Xijing Hospital were analyzed,retrospectively.Due to the diagnosis made by clinicians that these were renal (including renal pelvic) tumors,all cases had undergone radical nephrectomy or tumor enucleation.Among them,several inflammatory lesions were confirmed,and were combined with the patients' clinicopathological data and literature review to investigate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Results Of the 1 195 cases,only 6 cases (less than 1％) were renal inflammatory lesions,named as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (2 cases),renal malakoplakia (1 case),renal tuberculosis (1 case),IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (1 case),and renal Wegener's granulomatosis (1 case).These diseases occurred in two males and four females (aged 14 to 55 years).All patients underwent radical nephrectomy due to the detected unilateral solitary renal mass in the imaging examination.Conclusion Renal inflammatory lesions are very rare,which show masses that are easily misdiagnosed as neoplastic lesions.Some of them have similar histological features.As the differences of treatment,a sufficient understanding of the clinicopathological features of these diseases is important to make a correct diagnosis.%目的 探讨易被临床误诊为肾脏肿瘤的肾脏炎症性病变的临床病理学特征.方法 回顾性分析西京医院病理科2006年3月～2015年8月因临床诊断为肾脏(包括肾盂)肿瘤而行根治性肾脏切除术或单纯肿瘤剜除术患者的临床病理资料并复习相关文献.结果 1 195例患者中,仅6例(＜1％)为肾脏炎症性病变,包括黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎(2例)、肾脏软斑病(1例)、肾脏结核病(1例)、Igc4相关性肾小管-间质肾炎(1例)及肾脏Wegener肉芽肿/肉芽肿性多血管炎(1例).其中男性2例,女性4例,年龄14～55岁,所有患者均由于影像学检查发现单侧孤立性肾脏肿物而行根治性肾脏切除术.结论 肾脏炎症性病变形成瘤样肿块非常少见,其中一些病变有较为相似的组织学改变,由于这些疾病有着不同的临床治疗方案,充分了解其临床病理学特征,对正确诊断至关重要.
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