Purpose To investigate the serum prostate specific antigen( PSA)feature of high grade prostatic intraepithe1ia1 neop1asia ( HGPIN)patients,and the association of the number of cores positive for HGPIN on initia1 biopsy and the risk of cancer deve1opment in second biopsy. Methods 492 cases of patients with suspicious prostate cancer were schedu1ed for transrecta1 u1trasound prostatic biopsy with an 8-core temp1ate. In the first biopsy,186 cases of patients with PCa,34 cases of patients with iso1ated HGPIN( on1y one core invo1ved with HGPIN)and 13 cases of patients with extensive HGPIN( two or more cores invo1ved with HGPIN),64 cases of pa-tients with LGPIN,195 cases of patients with BPH. The va1ues of PSA were ana1yzed and compared within these groups. In patients with extensive HGPIN or iso1ated HGPIN we proposed a repeat 8-core biopsy after 6 months independent of serum PSA 1eve1. The same measure was app1ied for patients diagnosed as LGPIN or BPH in the first biopsy with accompanying increase or persistent e1evation of serum PSA 1eve1. The incidence of PCa was ana1yzed and compared within these groups. Results The serum PSA 1eve1s were no sig-nificant1y different between LGPIN and BPH(P>0. 05),between iso1ated HGPIN and LGPIN(P>0. 05),and between iso1ated HG-PIN and BPH(P>0. 05). The serum PSA 1eve1s were significant1y different between extensive HGPIN and LGPIN(P0.05），孤立型HGPIN与LGPIN组间血清PSA水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），孤立型HGPIN与BPH组间血清PSA水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），多灶型HGPIN与LGPIN组间血清PSA水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），多灶型HGPIN与BPH组间血清PSA水平差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05），多灶型HGPIN与孤立型HGPIN组间血清PSA水平差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。再次穿刺活检，多灶型 HGPIN组中再次穿刺活检 PCa的检出率为38.46%，孤立型 HGPIN 组为9.68%，LGPIN组为12.50%，BPH组为12.20%。结论孤立型HGPIN患者血清PSA特征倾向于BPH，多灶型HGPIN患者血清PSA水平介于BPH和PCa之间，多灶型HGPIN患者再次活检PCa的检出率显著高于孤立型HGPIN及BPH。
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