目的:通过研究小学儿童声旁家族效应与一致性效应来探究儿童汉字阅读发展的机制.方法:同时调节汉字材料的声旁家族大小和一致性高低,对小学一、三、五年级儿童采用单字命名任务,并记录反应时以及错误率.结果:声旁家族与一致性的主效应不显著,但五年级儿童的家族效应显著,声旁家族越大,抑制作用越明显;在低一致性条件下,三个年级均表现出抑制性的家族效应;而在高一致性条件下,三个年级的家族效应表现出促进作用的趋势.一致性效应体现在五年级儿童的命名错误率上,被试对高一致性汉字命名的错误率显著低于低一致性汉字;并且在大家族条件下,三个年级都表现出显著的一致性效应.结论:在五年级儿童中的声旁家族效应与成人的结果一致,表现为抑制性作用,同时其受一致性水平的影响,在低一致性水平中表现更突出;而一致性效应在大家族条件下更显著,在一年级儿童中便萌发,三年级开始就普遍出现.%Objective:To explore the mechanism of the developmental characteristics in Chinese character reading, by the means of the phonetic raidical neighborhood size and phonological consistency effects of primary school students. Methods: Manipulating the neighborhood size of phonetic radicals and degrees of phonological consistency in Chinese characters, with applying the character naming task for primary students in the first, third, and fifth grades.Results:The neighborhood effect appeared in the fifth grade, and the larger the neighborhood was, the more inhibitive it was; in the condition of lower consistency, there existed an inhibitive neighborhood effect for all participants; while in the condition of higher consistency, the neighborhood effect displayed stimulatory trend. As to the consistency effect, the error rate was significant for the fifth graders, the error rate of naming the higher consistent characters was much lower than that of naming the lower consistent characters; and the consistency effect was significant for all participants under the condition of the large neighborhood. Conclusion: The neighborhood size effect in the fifth grade students were in accordance with the adults' results, that was an inhibitory effect, meanwhile influenced by the consistency, it was more significant in the low consistency condition. Moreover, the consistency effect was more remarkable in the large neighborhood size condition, it appeared in the first grade students, and most of the students in the third grade showed this effect.
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