Subject and object, government and market, amends and subsidies, criterions of compensation, ways of compensation and structures of industry are the main categories of eco-compensation mechanism. On the one hand, the purposes and roles of eco-compensation need to be expanded and carried out through these categories; on the other hand, the discussion and theoretical research on those categories could guide the practice of eco-compensation. These are not only the important and hot issues in the debate on theories of eco-compensation, but also the key contents to effectively carry out the policies of eco-compensation in practice. To discuss those core categories is valuable in setting up theory system of eco-compensation, supervising the policies, also in solving the problem of deteriorating eco-environment.%主体与客体、政府与市场、赔偿与补贴、补偿标准、补偿途径和产业结构是生态补偿机制的主要范畴.一方面,生态补偿的作用和目的需要通过这些范畴得以展开和实践；另一方面,对这些范畴的探讨和理论研究反过来能够指导生态补偿实践活动.生态补偿的主要范畴不仅是生态补偿理论研讨中的重点和热点问题,更是生态补偿实践中决定政策措施顺利、有效实施的关键环节；针对生态补偿核心范畴的深入探讨,对于建立和完善生态补偿理论体系、有效指导生态补偿的政策与实践、最终有效缓解和解决生态环境的持续恶化具有重大的意义和价值.
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