[目的]通过对社区老年人居家环境的安全性评估,促进居家致跌危险环境改造,降低老年人跌倒的发生.[方法]在上海市某社区选取全部80岁以上独居老人家庭,2009年8月进行入户评估调查,观察居家致跌危险环境,完成《评估表》,并且提出整改意见,首次入户后发放宣传资料、防滑垫,街道政府安装扶手和督促整改,2010年8月再次入户调查并进行效果评估.[结果]干预前跌倒发生人次率为22.87％,因跌倒住院人次率为4.62％.干预后跌倒发生人次率为4.62％,因跌倒住院发生人次率为0.49％,干预前后跌倒的发生率(x2=41.304,P＜0.05)和住院发生率(x2=12.122,P＜0.05)显著下降,差异均有统计学意义.干预后居家致跌环境也有了明显的改善.[结论]居家致跌环境因素增加了老人跌倒发生的风险,开展有针对性的居家危险环境评估并改造意义重大.%Objective To assess the falls risk environment of old solitary people at home in community, and provide evidence for home hazard environment modification to reduce falls. Methods By using cluster random sampling, all of old solitary people aged above 80 were selected in a community of Shanghai. Door-to-door interview was given to observe falls risk environment at home in August, 2009, and reform ideas were given. Intervention activities were carried out including media materials, anti-skid pads, handrails installation and supervision by the streets government. Assessment was carried out after one year in August, 2010. Results The results showed that falls incident of person-time rate was 22.87% and hospitalization person-time rate due to falls was 4. 62% before intervention. After intervention, the falls' occurrence of person-time rate was decreased to 4. 62% and hospitalization person-time rate due to falls was decreased to 0.49%. There was statistically significant difference between before and after the intervention on the incidence of falls (x2 =41. 304, P < 0. 05 ). And hospitalization rate were reduced ( x2 = 12. 122, P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Falls risk environment is contribute to old solitary people falls at home, it is necessary to carry out assessment on fall risk environment and to change the enviroment to eliminate risk factors.
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