Objective To evaluate the intakes of dietary sodium and edible salt in Beijing urban population, and analyze association between intake and gender, age groups, education backgrounds, and economic status. Methods 1841 residents in 732 households from 4 districts were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method in this survey. The dietary sodium and edible salt intake were worked out by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with food weighing methods. Only the data of residents over 18 were chosen for analysis. Results The average intakes of sodium and edible salt were (4665. 6 ±2700. 8) mg/d and (7. 6 ±5. 6) g/d, respectively. Sodium (5066. 5 ± 2844. 5) mg/d and edible salt (8. 2 ±5. 9) g/d intakes in men were significantly higher than that in women. The edible salt intake in residents graduated from college or above was (7. 1 ±5. 4) g/d, significantly lower than other residents graduated from high school or lower ( P < 0. 05). Overall edible salt contributed 64. 2 percent of total sodium, and soy sauce contributed another 13. 5 percent. Females aged 18 - 29 had more sodium from edible salt (67. 2% ) and cakes/drinks ( 1. 6% ) , and less sodium from meat (3. 5% ) , cereals (2. 3% ) compared to males in same age group. Residents with middle school education or below had most sodium from cereals (4. 1% ) , and least from meat (3. 4% ). The percentages of sodium from edible salt (67. 1% ) and cereals (4. 2% ) were highest, while the percentage from meat (2. 8% ) was lowest (2. 8% ) in families with annual per capita income < 15 000 yuan. Conclusion The intake of dietary sodium and salt were high among Beijing urban residents. The major source of dietary sodium was condiment. The intake of sodium were associated with gender, age, education and economic status.%目的 分析北京市城区居民钠及食盐的摄入量及其与性别、年龄、文化程度和经济状况的关系.方法 以多阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取4个城区732户18岁及以上1841名居民,以连续3天24小时回顾和称重法相结合的方法获得个人膳食钠和食盐的摄入数据.结果 调查对象平均每天摄入钠( 4665.6±2700.8)mg、食盐(7.6±5.6)g,男性钠和食盐的摄入量分别为(5066.5±2844.5)mg和(8.2±5.9)g,高于女性(P＜0.05).文化程度大专及以上的居民平均每日摄入食盐(7.1±5.4)g,低于高中/中专和初中及以下居民(P＜0.05).调查对象食盐和酱油的钠分别占总量的64.2％和13.5％.与同年龄组男性相比,18 ～ 29岁女性来自食盐和糕点饮料的钠更高(分别为67.2％和1.6％),来自畜禽水产和谷类的钠更低(分别为3.5％和2.3％).不同文化程度居民中,初中及以下者来自谷类的钠(4.1％)最高,来自畜禽水产的钠(3.4％)最低.不同经济状况居民中,家庭人均年收入＜15000元者来自食盐和谷类的钠最高(分别为67.1％和4.2％),来自畜禽水产的钠(2.8％)最低.结论 北京市城区居民钠和食盐的摄入量较高,调味品是钠的主要来源.性别、年龄、文化程度和经济状况是钠的摄入量或来源的影响因素.
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