Objective: To explore the autoimmune pathogenesis induced by hepatitis C virus. Methods: Serum anti-GOR and peripheral blood lymphocyte subset and its apoptosis rate after activated by Pokeweed mitogen (pwm) in vitro were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Eighteen individuals with chronic hepatitis C and 16 healthy controls were observed. Results: The positive rates of serum anti-GOR (66.7%) and ANA (44.4%) were significantly higher in chronic hepatitis C than normal controls (χ2=26.86, χ2=9.30, P<0.005). The apoptosis percentage of PBMCs and CD3+T cell was elevated in individuals with chronic hepatitis C when compared with normal controls (t=2.44, P<0.05). However, the apoptosis percentage of CD4+T and CD19+B cells in PBMCs was significantly decreased in patients with anti-GOR positive compared to anti-GOR negative (t=3.17, P<0.01; t=2.294, P<0.05). Similarly, the percentage of CD4+CD8+T cells in anti-GOR positive patients was increased and CD3+/CD4+ was decreased (t=2.18, P<0.05) compared to anti-GOR negative (t=2.44, P<0.05; t=2.18, P<0.05). Conclusion: autoimmune response exists in chronic hepatitis C patients. There is an imbalance of lymphocyte subset and its apoptosis, which may be one of the important reasons for the mechanism of autoimmune pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C.%目的：探讨HCV感染诱导自身免疫反应的机理。方法：应用ELISA和流式细胞术检测了18例慢性丙型肝炎患者及16例正常人血清丙型肝炎病毒感染相关自身抗体(抗GOR)及抗核抗体(ANA)、外周血淋巴细胞（PBMC）亚群及其凋亡百分率。结果：慢性丙型肝炎患者血清抗GOR抗体及ANA阳性率分别为66.7%和44.4%, 与正常对照组比较差异均有显著意义(χ2＝26.86、χ2＝9.30，P＜0.005＝。PBMC及CD3+T淋巴细胞凋亡明显增加，与正常对照组比较差异有显著意义(t＝2.44，P＜0.05＝。抗GOR阳性者CD4+T淋巴细胞及CD19+ B淋巴细胞凋亡比抗GOR阴性者明显减少(t＝3.17，P＜0.01；t＝2.294，P＜0.05＝。抗GOR阳性者CD4+CD8+双阳性T细胞百分率较抗GOR阴性者显著增加(t＝2.44，P＜0.05＝, CD3+/CD4+ T细胞显著降低(t＝2.18，P＜0.05＝。 结论：慢性丙型肝炎患者存在自身免疫，同时伴有外周血淋巴细胞亚群及其细胞凋亡的失衡。这种失衡可能是HCV感染诱导自身免疫的机理之一。
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