目的 了解儿科重症监护病房(PICU)患儿血培养分离病原菌及其耐药性,为重症患儿血流感染的经验性治疗提供参考依据.方法 对该院2011-2015年PICU患儿血培养标本分离的病原菌进行鉴定及药敏分析.结果 3 215份血标本分离病原菌180株,阳性率为5.60％,其中革兰阳性菌153株(85.00％),革兰阴性菌27株(15.00％).排名前5位的病原菌依次为表皮葡萄球菌、人葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌,分别占26.67％、25.00％、11.66％、5.55％和3.89％.葡萄球菌属细菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素及奎奴普丁/达福普汀耐药率均为0;耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)检出率分别为70.18％、42.86％;大肠埃希菌仅对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢曲松、庆大霉素及复方磺胺甲恶唑耐药率较高(50.oo％～80,oo％).结论 PICU患儿血培养病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)和大肠埃希菌为主,不同种类CNS的耐药率存在一定差异.%Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture of children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU),provide reference for empirical treatment of bloodstream infection in critically ill children.Methods Pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood culture of children in a PICU in 2011-2015 were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results A total of 180 strains of pathogens were isolated from 3 215 blood specimens,the positive rate was 5.60 ％,153 (85.00 ％) of which were grampositive bacteria and 27 (15.00 ％) were gram-negative bacteria.The top five isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis (26.67 ％),Staphylococcus hominis (25.00 ％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11.66 ％),Escherichia coli (5.55 ％),and Staphylococcus aureus (3.89 ％).The resistance rates of Staphylococcus spp.to linezolid,vancomycin,and quinupristin/dalfopristin were all 0;the detection rates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were 70.18％ and 42.68％ respectively;Escherichia coli had high resistance rates to ampicillin,cefazolin,ceftriaxone,gentamycin,and compound sulfamethoxazole (50.00 ％-80.00 ％).Conclusion CNS and Escherichia coli are the main pathogens in blood culture of children in PICU,differences in antimicrobial resistance exist among different types of CNS.
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