Objective To investigate healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),and provide reference for controlling HAI in newborns.Methods Targeted surveillance on HAI in all newborns in NICU of a hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 was performed by prospective investigation method.Results A total of 5 365 newborns were monitored,128 newborns developed 133 times of HAI,HAI rate and HAI case rate was 2.39% and 2.48% respectively.The major infection sites were conjunctiva (33.08%),upper respiratory tract (23.31%)and skin soft tissue (17.29%).The daily infection rate was 3.32‰(128/38 528),vascular catheter usage rate and respirator usage rate was 1.75%(676/38 528)and 1.09%(420/38 528)respectively.The difference in vascular catheter usage rate and res-pirator usage rate in newborns with different body weight had statistical difference (χ2 =3 075.22;442.46,both P <0.01).HAI in newborns with body weight of ≤1 000 g,1 001-1 500 g,1 501-2 500 g,and >2 500 g was 16.67%, 12.26%,4.15% and 1.06% respectively.None newborns developed catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI),the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP )was only 4.76‰(2/420).A total of 51 specimens were sent for de-tection,27 pathogens were isolated,the major were gram-positive bacteria(55.56%).Conclusion The incidence of HAI in newborns is high,the main infection sites are eye,upper respiratory tract,and skin and soft tissue.%目的：了解某院新生儿科医院感染情况，为更好地控制新生儿医院感染提供参考依据。方法采用前瞻性调查方法，对2011年1月—2013年12月某院新生儿科住院的所有新生儿进行目标性监测。结果共监测新生儿5365例，发生医院感染128例，133例次，医院感染率为2．39％，例次感染率为2．48％。医院感染部位以眼结膜居首位，占33．08％，其次是上呼吸道、皮肤及软组织，分别占23．31％和17．29％。新生儿日感染率为3．32‰（128／38528），血管导管使用率为1．75％（676／38528），呼吸机使用率为1．09％（420／38528）。不同体重组新生儿血管导管使用率、呼吸机使用率比较，差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为3075．22、442．46，均 P ＜0．01）。体重≤1000 g、1001～1500 g、1501～2500 g、＞2500 g 各组新生儿医院感染率分别为16．67％、12．26％、4．15％、1．06％。新生儿均未发生导管相关性血流感染，且其呼吸机相关性肺炎发病率仅为4．76‰（2／420）。共送检标本51份，检出病原菌27株，以革兰阳性菌为主（占55．56％）。结论低体重新生儿医院感染发病率较高；新生儿感染部位以眼部、上呼吸道、皮肤及软组织为主。
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