目的 了解某院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)常见病原菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供实验室依据.方法 回顾性分析该院NICU 2011年1月-2012年3月住院患儿分离的常见病原菌种类及其药敏试验结果.结果 调查期间送检标本5 612份,分离病原菌3 060株,阳性率为54.53％;病原菌以草绿色链球菌所占比率(29.93％)最高,其次为表皮葡萄球菌(14.48％)、卡他莫拉菌(14.02％)及大肠埃希菌(9.48％)等.常见革兰阳性(G+)球菌对万古霉素(耐药率0.00％～3.03％)、替考拉宁(耐药率0.00％～5.83％)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(耐药率6.73％～36.36％)敏感性较好;而对青霉素、红霉素、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢西丁的耐药率(42.60％～100.00％)较高.常见革兰阴性(G-)杆菌对亚胺培南(耐药率0.00％)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(0.00％～9.05％)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(耐药率0.00％～18.55％)敏感性较好;而对头孢呋辛、复方磺胺甲(噁)唑、氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率(42.53％～100.00％)较高.结论 了解NICU常见病原菌的分布及耐药性,有助于临床合理使用抗菌药物.%Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of major pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU),so as to provide evidence for the clinical therapy of infection.Methods Species and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the major pathogens isolated from NICU patients who were hospitalized between January 2011 and March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 5 612 detected specimens,3 060 (54.53％)pathogenic isolates were isolated.The major strains were Streptococcus viridans (29.93 ％),Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.48 ％),Moraxella catarrhalis (14.02 ％),and Escherichia coli (9.48 ％).The major gram-positive cocci had very low resistant rates to vancomycin,teicoplanin and cefoperazone/sulbactam,the resistant rates were 0.00％-3.03％,0.00％-5.83％ and 6.73％-36.36％,respectively,while resistant rates to penicillin,erythromycin,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin were high (42.60％-100.00％).The major gram-negative bacilli had very low resistant rates to imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam,the resistant rates were 0.00％,0.00％-9.05％ and 0.00％-18.55％,respectively,while the resistant rates to cefuroxime,compound sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin/sulbactam were high(42.53 ％-100.00％).Conclusion Realizing the distribution and drug resistance is helpful for the rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinic.
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