Objective To identify the changes of regional brain activity in resting-state mental retardation (MR) patients,and to compare the regional homogeneity (ReHo) values of the brain between MR patients (MR group) and normal controls (NC group). Methods Resting-state fMRI was performed in 10 MR patients and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a 3. 0T MR scanner. Brain areas with significant changes of ReHo values between the two groups were acquired by using voxel-based analysis with softwares of SPM8 and REST. Results In comparison with NC group, significantly decreased ReHo values in the left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and insular cortex, the right mid-cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, while significantly increased Re Ho values in the left middle occipital gyrus, cuneus lobe, the right middle occipital gyrus, cuneus lobe and lingual gyrus, the right precuneus lobe, and the left precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus were showed in MR group. Conclusion Under resting-state, the regional activity of the higher-level brain functional areas in MR patients reduced, which might be the underlying basis for the intellectual disability. Meanwhile, the regional activity of the primary brain functional areas increased, which might indicate the exist of compensatory effect.%目的 通过比较精神发育迟缓(MR)患者与正常人之间脑局部一致性(ReHo)的差异,观察MR患者静息状态下局部脑活动变化.方法 利用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对10例MR患者(MR组)及25名健康志愿者(正常对照组)行静息态fMRI.采用SPM8和REST软件进行数据处理,获得两组之间ReHo值存在显著差异的脑区.结果 与正常对照组相比,MR组左额中回、额下回、颞上回和岛叶、右中扣带回、后扣带回、缘上回和顶下小叶ReHo值显著减低,左枕中回和楔叶、右枕中回、楔叶和舌回、右楔前叶、左中央前回和中央后回ReHo值显著增高.结论 静息状态下,MR患者高级脑功能区局部活动减弱可能是智力低下的神经基础;而初级脑功能区局部活动增强可能反映了补偿性效应.
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