心血管疾病死因占维持性血液透析总死亡人数43%,包括心源性猝死、心肌梗死、心跳骤停、恶性心律失常等.新发现的心血管危险因素也越来越受重视,如左心室肥大、冠状动脉疾病、急性电解质紊乱,QT间期变异、交感神经过度兴奋和钙磷沉积等.本文就血液透析患者猝死的发病机制及预防作一简述.%The dialysis patients have extraordinarily high mortality rates. Cardiovascular causes are the major causes of death accounting for 43% of all-cause mortality among the patients with hemodialysis. In addition to increased traditional risk factors, hemodialysis patients also have a number of nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, rapid electrolyte shifts, QT dispersion, sympathetic overactivity, and calcium-phosphate deposition. The purpose of the present article is to critically review the current literature to summarize the following aspects: (1) the pathophysiological mechanism responsible, and (2) the prevention and management for the sudden death in patients with hemodialysis.
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