Hyponatremia,the most commonly encountered electrolyte abnormality in clinical practice,increases morbidity itself.As a main risk factor for hyponatremia,the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion has complicated and complex etiology.The resultant clinical manifestations are significantly associated with the severity and duration of hyponatremia.Accordingly,its early detection and fight diagnosis can decrease misdiagnosis and eventually mortality.Clinically,timely and correct diagnosis as well as individualized treatment plan is desired for such patients.Vasopressin receptor antagonists,anticipated as a more effective method to treat hyponatremia herald the beginning of a new era in the management of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone disorders.%低钠血症是临床最常见的电解质紊乱,并增加患者病死率.而抗利尿激素不适当综合征(SIADH)是临床表现低钠血症的主要原因之一,其基础病因复杂且多样化,临床表现与低钠血症的程度和病程明显相关.因此,及早识别和正确诊断该病可减少误诊并降低病死率.临床上需要对该部分患者予以及时准确的诊断并制定个体化的治疗方案,而抗利尿激素受体拮抗剂在该类疾病的治疗中具有广阔的应用前景.
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