Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and stroke are normal diseases of the nervous system. Study showed that RLS could increase the risk of stroke and the rates of RLS with stroke also increased signiifcantly. Acute cerebral infarction patients with RLS may be associated with infarction lesions, and abnormal iron content and dopamine dysfunction of these parts may be associated with RLS. At the same time, sympathetic over stimulation, parasympathetic inhibition, hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis (HPA) activity increase, could increase heart rate, blood pressure, trigger atrial ifbrillation and other arrhythmias of patients with RLS, which could increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation, depression, and poor sleep habits can increase the risk of stroke in patients with RLS who suffer from poor sleep quality. Therefore, a correct understanding of their relationship could help us better in the clinical diagnosis and prevention and control work of stroke and RLS.%不宁腿综合征（restless legs syndrome，RLS）与卒中均为神经系统常见疾病。研究提示RLS增加卒中的发病风险，而且卒中患者RLS发病率也明显升高。急性缺血性卒中合并RLS可能与梗死部位相关，病灶部位的铁含量异常、多巴胺功能障碍可能与RLS相关。另外，RLS患者交感神经过度兴奋、副交感神经被抑制、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis，HPA）活动增加，心率增快，血压升高，引发心房颤动等各种心律失常，可增加脑血管病的发病风险。有研究表明，RLS患者的不良睡眠质量可能导致的睡眠剥夺、抑郁及不良睡眠习惯均能增加卒中的风险。正确认识两者之间的关系，有助于我们在临床上更好地进行卒中和RLS诊断以及防治工作。
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