Immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity, and inflammation response are important pathological process during ischemic stroke. This process not only leads to inflammatory damages and corresponding modulations in the peripheral blood and immune organs, but also plays a crucial role in the brain tissue repair and reconstruction. Suppression of inflammation and immunomodulation exert remarkable neuroprotection, providing a novel approach for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. However, there are many problems in immune therapy for the ischemic brain injury. The interaction between immune system and ischemic brain injury needs to be further studied to ensure the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy.% 免疫和炎症反应是缺血性卒中病理过程的重要组成部分，自然免疫和适应性免疫都参与这一过程。免疫反应不仅仅造成炎性损伤，引起外周血和免疫器官出现相应的免疫调节，还在缺血性脑损伤后的脑组织修复和重建中发挥重要作用。抑制缺血诱导的炎症反应和进行免疫调节具有脑保护和脑组织修复/重建作用，可能是缺血性脑损伤的一种新的治疗途径。目前关于缺血性脑损伤的免疫治疗还存在诸多问题，需要深入了解免疫系统功能和脑缺血损伤之间的相互作用，以确保免疫治疗的可行性、有效性和安全性。
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