BACKGROUND:Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) can induce bone and cartilage formationin vivo, and induce chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cels in muscles and around the vessels. OBJECTIVE:To observe the structure of domestic tantalum-muscle interface fibrous capsule, growth of muscle and smal blood vessels into the porous tantalum and the ability of ectopic osteogenesis after implantation of porous tantalum loaded with BMP-7 into the erector spinae of rabbits. METHODS: Porous tantalum slices loaded with BMP-7 (experimental group) and porous tantalum slices (control group) were implanted into the erector spinae muscle of New Zealand white rabbits. And the porous tantalum slices with surrounding muscle tissues about 0.5 cm thick were removed at 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, and observed under scanning electron microscope for hematoxylin eosin staining, Masson staining and hard tissue slice observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: Fibrous capsule formation was observed around the materials in the two groups, and with the extension of time, the fibrous capsules were slightly dense, and thinned. There was no obvious inflammatory reaction in the interface between the material and the muscle. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the fibrous capsules thickness. (2) Scanning electron microscope: 2 weeks after the surgery, a smal amount of colagen and muscle fibers were formed in the porous tantalum pores in the two groups, and some of colagen fibers attached to the pore wals. At 8 weeks after the surgery, al the pores of porous tantalum were ful of muscle fibers that were combined with the pore wal closely. There was no significant difference between the two groups. (3) Hard tissue slices: 2 weeks after the surgery, a smal amount of fibroblast cels and muscle fibers grew into the pores of porous tantalum in the two groups and new capilaries grew into the pores of porous tantalum in the experimental group. At 8 weeks after the surgery, the porous tantalum and al the pores were ful of muscle fibers that were combined with the pore wal closely, the number of smal blood vessels and cels decreased, and the tantalum and the muscle were fused closely. (4) Masson staining: 8 weeks after the surgery, a large number of mesenchymal cels, ossein and cartilage matrix formed in the muscle gaps and a few cartilage bone tissues were formed in the experimental group, but no cartilage was found in the control group. The study showed that porous tantalum carrying BMP-7 has good biocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability. Subject headings: Tantalum; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Tissue Engineering.%背景：骨形态发生蛋白7在体内可诱导骨及软骨形成，并可诱导肌肉中和血管周围的间充质细胞分化为软骨和骨细胞，有促进软骨和骨形成的作用。 目的：观察多孔钽复合骨形态发生蛋白7植入兔竖脊肌后，钽-肌肉界面纤维包膜结构、肌肉与小血管向多孔钽内生性生长及异位成骨的能力。 方法：在新西兰大白兔左右两侧竖脊肌内分别植入复合骨形态发生蛋白7的多孔钽片(实验组)和多孔钽片(对照组)，植入后2，4，8周，取钽片及其周围0.5 cm肌肉组织，进行扫描电镜、苏木精-伊红染色、Masson染色及硬组织切片观察。 结果与结论：①苏木精-伊红染色：两组材料周围均有纤维性包膜形成，随时间延长，纤维性包膜逐渐由疏松变致密，厚度也逐渐变薄，材料与肌肉交界面无明显炎症反应。两组间纤维包膜厚度比较差异无显著性意义。②扫描电镜：植入2周时，两组多孔钽表面可见少量肌肉及胶原纤维逐渐长入孔隙内部，部分胶原纤维附着于孔壁；植入8周时，多孔钽孔隙内充满了肌腱纤维，纤维与孔壁结合紧密，两组间无明显差异。③硬组织切片：植入2周时，两组多孔钽孔隙均内有少量成纤维细胞及肌纤维长入，实验组材料孔隙内可见有新生小血管长入；植入8周时，两组多孔钽表面和孔隙内均长满呈条索状交错排列的肌纤维，小血管及细胞成分减少，钽-肌肉紧密融合。④Masson 染色：植入8周时，实验组钽-肌肉界面边缘处肌肉内可见大量间充质细胞、骨胶原及软骨基质形成，以及少量新生的软骨化骨，对照组未见软骨化骨。⑤结果表明，复合骨形态发生蛋白7的多孔钽具有良好生物相容性及诱导成骨作用。
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