Objective To study the dietary pattern of menopausal outpatients and provide theoretical basis for the conduct of dietary guidance in menopausal patients.Methods A survey was conducted among the outpatients in comprehensive management of menopause clinics of Peking University First Hospital.The survey assessed detailed information on health status and dietary information with written questionnaire designed by our team.Results The average daily intake of valley potato and beans, vegetables, fruits, meat poultry, fish and shrimp, soy and nuts, eggs, milk and dairy products, oil of the patients was 184.0g, 471.5g, 300.2g, 99.0g, 33.9g, 9.5g, 42.5g, 236.4g and 34.3g, respectively.The energy supply ratio of carbohydrates, fat and protein was 51.6%, 33.4% and 15.0%, respectively.There were 71.4% of patients meeting criteria for menopausal syndrome (Kupperman Index≥15).The 5 most common symptoms were fatigue (84.9%), irritability (77.3%), musculoskeletal pain (76.5%), insomnia (73.9%), and hectic fever (70.6%).Overweight and obese patients were more susceptible to menopausal syndromes than normal weight patients (χ2=5.50, P=0.02).Only 10.1% of the surveyed patients accepted dietary guidance for menopause.Conclusion The dietary pattern of menopausal patients is irrational, and they are lack of diet-related health knowledge.It is necessary to provide individualized dietary guidance for menopausal patients.%目的 调查分析女性更年期患者膳食结构的合理性,为开展更年期患者饮食指导提供理论依据.方法 选取2013年1月至2013年7月就诊于北京大学第一医院更年期综合管理门诊的患者,采用自编调查问卷收集患者的健康相关信息及饮食情况并进行分析.结果 更年期患者中,每日谷薯类及杂豆、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、鱼虾类、大豆类及坚果、蛋类、奶类及奶制品、油脂平均摄入量分别为184.0g、471.5g、300.2g、99.0g、33.9g、9.5g、42.5g、236.4g、34.3g.饮食中碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪供能比为51.6%:15.0%:33.4%.更年期综合征(Kupperman评分≥15)的患病率是71.4%,最常见的5个症状分别是:疲乏(84.9%)、易激动(77.3%)、骨关节肌肉痛(76.5%)、失眠(73.9%)、潮热(70.6%).体重超标人群较体重正常人群更易患更年期综合征(χ2=5.50,P=0.02).仅10.0%的更年期患者曾接受过更年期的膳食指导.结论 更年期患者饮食结构不合理,饮食相关健康知识欠缺,有必要对更年期患者进行个体化的饮食指导.
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