Objective To learn about the awareness of vaccination knowledge among pregnant women in an attempt to provide basis for improving its publicity and promoting health education. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to conduct the survey among 358 randomly selected pregnant women who taking pregnancy examination in No. 323 PLA Hospital from January to June in 2014, including participants’ basic information, awareness of basic vaccination knowledge and demands for vaccination knowledge. Likert Scale was used and statistical analysis was conducted. Results Participants being younger or with lower education level, migrant workers and self-employed individuals had relatively lower level of awareness, but the difference among groups was not significant (all P>0. 05). The main ways to learn about vaccination were publicity in community of the hospital (94. 41%) and information from others (89. 66%). The differences in the attitudes towards ‘wanting to learn vaccination knowledge’ ,‘willing to participate lecture’ , and‘supporting the whole vaccination for children’ were not significant among participants with different culture and occupation (all P>0. 05). Conclusion Efforts are needed to concentrate on key population, to improve the awareness of vaccination among pregnant women, and to carry out kinds of health education, so as to spread vaccination knowledge better and improve vaccination rate among children.%目的：了解孕妇对预防接种知识的认知情况，为做好宣传工作、实施健康教育提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷，随机对2014年1至6月在解放军第三二三医院进行孕期检查的358名女性进行问卷调查，内容包括基本信息、预防接种基础知识以及预防接种知识需求等，采用记分制，并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果低年龄、低学历、农民工和个体商户的认知程度较低，但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)；孕妇获得预防接种知识的主要途径是医院社区宣讲(占94.41%)和他人告知(占89.66%)。对“想了解预防接种知识”“愿意参加专题讲座”“让孩子完成全部预防接种”的态度在不同文化程度和职业人群间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论关注重点人群的教育，提高孕期妇女对预防接种的认识，开展多种形式的宣传教育活动，可以更好地普及预防接种知识，提高儿童预防接种率。
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