Objective To investigate the changes of CD4 +CD25 +regular T cells (Treg) and Th17 cells in peripheral blood in children with Kawasaki disease ( KD) before and after treatment , and to guide clinical treatment and evaluate prognosis .Methods A total of 32 KD children (KD group) and 28 healthy children (control group) were recruited.Morning peripheral vein bloods were collected from two groups before treated by immunoglobulin and aspirin and three days after defervescence by treatment .ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum IL-15, IL-17 and IL-23.Flow cytometry was used to detect proportions of Treg cells and Th 17 cells in peripheral blood .Results Compared with the control group , the levels of serum IL-15, IL-17 and IL-23 in KD group were significantly increased before treatment (t value was -4.35, -3.98 and -4.11, respectively, all P<0.05), but after treatment the levels of them were significantly decreased (t value was 3.74, 2.94 and 3.06, respectively, all P<0.05).Proportion of Treg cells in KD group was remarkably lower than in the control group.After treatment, it could rise to control group ’ s level, and it was significantly different from that before treatment ( t=-2.13,P<0.05).Proportion of Th17 cells in KD group was markedly higher (t=-1.87,P<0.05), which was significantly decreased after treatment (t=2.71,P<0.05).Conclusion Unbalance of Treg cells and Th17 cells may have an important role in the development of Kawasaki disease , and the proportion changes of them are valuable in guiding clinical medicine use and evaluating patient ’ s condition and prognosis.%目的：探讨川崎病（ KD）患儿治疗前后外周血中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞（ Treg）与Th17细胞比例的变化，以指导临床治疗及评估预后。方法选择KD患儿32例（ KD组）及健康幼儿28例（对照组）；抽取对照组幼儿和KD组患儿使用免疫球蛋白＋阿司匹林治疗前及治疗后热退3天时清晨空腹静脉血，采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测血清中白细胞介素－15（ IL-15）、白细胞介素－17（IL-17）和白细胞介素－23（IL-23）水平；采用流式细胞术检测外周血中Treg细胞和Th17细胞比例。结果与对照组相比，KD组患儿治疗前血清中IL-15、IL-17和IL-23水平均显著增高（t值分别为－4．35、－3．98和－4．11，P＜0．05）；经治疗后，血清中IL-15、IL-17和IL-23水平均有显著降低（t值分别为3．74、2．94和3．06，P＜0．05）。 KD组患儿外周血中Treg细胞比例明显降低（t＝2．54，P＜0．05），经治疗后可基本回升至对照组水平，与治疗前相比差异有显著性（t＝－2．13，P＜0．05）；Th17细胞比例明显升高（t＝－1．87，P＜0．05），治疗后与治疗前相比有明显降低（t＝2．71，P＜0．05）。结论 Treg细胞与Th17细胞之间的失衡可能在川崎病的发病中起重要作用，其比例的变化对指导临床用药及评估病情和预后具有一定的意义。
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