目的对入住神经科中毒患儿的病案调查分析，提高临床对此类病人的甄别并给与及时的诊治。方法采用回顾性分析，根据药物中毒的诊断，检索西安市儿童医院的病案综合管理系统，并调阅符合药物中毒86例神经科住院患儿病例，对患儿年龄、性别、户籍、症状和发病原因进行单因素和多因素分析。结果86例病人均出现不同程度的神经系统损害的表现，其中因医源性所致32例（37．21％），误服26例（30．23％），服药不详28例（32．56％），经治疗均痊愈出院。男孩（54例，占62．79％）发生药物中毒的比例明显高于女孩，男童5岁以上组和5岁以下组中毒人数均多于女童，有显著性差异（χ2＝5．50，P＜0．05）。农村患儿74例（86．05％），城市患儿12例（13．95％），不同地域儿童中毒原因不同（χ2＝5．04，P＜0．05）。结论大力开展儿童安全知识教育，加强留守儿童的监护，提高基层医生的职业水平，提高对药物中毒的诊断及护理水平。%Objective To analyze the medical records of poisoned children hospitalized in neurological department , so as to improve the clinical screening , diagnosis and timely treatment for such patients .Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted .Based on the diagnosis of drug poisoning , the integrated management system of Xi'an Children's Hospital was retrieved , and the medical records of 86 cases suffering drug poison and hospitalized in neurological department were checked .Children's age, gender, household registration , symptoms and the causes of the disease were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis .Results Nervous system damage of various degree occurred in all of 86 cases, including 32 cases(37.21%) for iatrogenic cause , 26 cases(30.23%) for drug mistaking and 28 cases (30.23%) for unknown medication .All of the cases were cured and discharged .The proportion of medication poison in boys ( 54, 62.79%) was remarkably higher than that in girls , the numbers of poisoned boys both in the group of over 5 years and the group of under 5 years were larger than those in girls .The differences were significant (χ2 =5.50, P <0.05).There were 74 cases in rural area (86.05%) and 12 cases in urban area(13.95%).The causes were different in different areas (χ2 =5.04, P<0.05).Conclusion Safety knowledge education should be carried out vigorously among children , and guardianship should be strengthened for left-behind children.Meanwhile, the occupational level of physicians for primary care and the diagnosis and nursing level on medication poison need to be improved .
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