Objective To explore the effects of new food exchange portion intervention on pregnancy outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ). Methods The objects of the study were 168 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during prenatal examination and hospitalized in Guangzhou Women and Children' s Medical Center for childbirth from January to December 2010. According to whether they visited outpatient department of nutrition, they were divided into 2 groups, intervention group ( n =96 ) and control group ( n =72 ). Results Glycosylated hemoglobin of intervention group was significantly decreased after intervention ( t = 3. 161,P<0. 05). The urine ketone abnormal ratio of intervention group and control group was 15. 2% and 21. 7% , respectively (χ2 = 4. 003, P < 0. 05 ). In intervention group the cesarean section rate and incidence of obstetric complications were significantly lower than those in control group. There were 3 cases of macrosomia in intervention group ( 3. 1% ) and 4 in control group ( 5. 6% ), and the difference was significant ( Fisher' s Exact Test P < 0. 05 ). The neonatal fasting hypoglycemia occurred in 33 cases ( 34. 3% ) and 29 cases ( 40. 3% ) in intervention group and control group, respectively, and there was significant difference (χ2 =2. 864,P >0. 05 ). Conclusion The new food exchange portion intervention combined with health education can effectively control the blood sugar of patients with GDM during pregnancy and reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal complications.%目的 探讨新食物交换份法对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)妊娠结局的影响.方法 抽取2010年1月至12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心住院分娩且产检期间确诊为GDM的168例孕妇作为本次研究对象,根据孕妇有无就诊营养门诊分成干预组(96例)与对照组(72例).结果 干预组孕妇糖化血红蛋白控制前、后比较显著降低(t=3.161,P<0.05);干预组与对照组孕妇出现尿酮异常的比例分别为15.2%和21.7%(χ2=4.003,P<0.05);干预组的剖宫产率、产科并发症等均显著低于对照组;干预组出现巨大儿3例(3.1%),对照组巨大儿4例(5.6%),两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(Fisher's Exact Test P<0.05);干预组发生新生儿空腹低血糖33例(34.3%),对照组29例(40.3%),差异具有统计学意义,χ2=2.864,P>0.05.结论 新食物交换份法指导GDM患者饮食结合健康教育的干预模式可有效控制GDM孕期血糖并减少母儿并发症的发生.
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