Objective To analyze various related factors of birth defects so as to provide evidence for early prevention and reduce the rate of birth defects by monitoring the information of birth defect infants delivered or delivered with induction in our hospital during five years from 2006 to 2010. Methods The data of birth defect infants delivered in the hospital during these five years was retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 8215 cases of induction delivery and childbirth, 64 cases of which were birth defect infants. The average rate of birth defects was 7. 8‰. The top five types in the 64 cases were spina bifida ( 15. 6％ ), hydrocephalus ( 14. 0％ ), cleft lip ( 10.9％ ), abnormal fingers and toes ( 9. 4％ ) and cleft lip with cleft palate ( 7. 8％ ) in turn. Analysis results indicated that the time when pregnancy started was related to birth defects. When pregnancy started in January, June or May, the rate of birth defects was higher than that in other months (x2 =5. 107, P ＜ 0. 05 ), and the birth defects accounted up 48. 4％ of all. Among the defect infants, males were more than females. The infants whose mothers lived in countryside and had poor education had higher birth defect rate. Conclusion Enhancing education on prepotency especially to married women in poor areas, picking pregnancy time, administering folic acid reasonably before pregnancy, establishing and perfecting primary prevention system, strengthening training for type-B ultrasonic physicians and clinicians, or improving prenatal monitoring and diagnosing technology is beneficial to prophylaxis of birth defects.%目的 通过监测西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院2006～2010年住院引产及分娩的出生缺陷婴儿情况,分析引起出生缺陷的各类相关因素,为早期预防并进一步降低出生缺陷率提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2006～2010年西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院的出生缺陷儿病例.结果 5年内共引产及分娩8 215例,其中出生缺陷64例,出生缺陷平均发生率为7.8‰.64例出生缺陷类型前5位依次为脊柱裂(15.6%)、脑积水(14.0%)、唇裂(10.9%)、指趾畸形(9.4%)、唇裂合并腭裂(7.8%).出生缺陷与怀孕月份有关:1月、6月、5月份怀孕的,出生缺陷的发生明显高于其他月份(χ2 =5.107,P<0.05),占到总缺陷儿的48.4%;发生出生缺陷的患儿中,男性比例高于女性;居住在农村且文化程度低的孕妇发生出生缺陷儿的比例较高.结论 加强产前优生优育知识的宣教,尤其对贫困地区的已婚女性;注意选择怀孕时间;怀孕前合理补充叶酸;建立完善的一级预防体系;加强B超医师及临床医师的培训,提高产前监测及诊断技术均有利于出生缺陷的预防.
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