目的 通过对女性乳腺疾病的流行病学调查得出该地区女性乳腺疾病的患病率,找出引起乳腺疾病的危险因素,为制定预防措施提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样方法抽取海淀区1 000名18～60岁的女性作为调查对象,通过问卷调查、专职医生做乳腺体检及近红外线扫描,诊断不明者做乳腺超声、X线钼靶等进一步检查确诊,将调查对象分为乳腺正常组及疾病组进行统计分析,寻找乳腺疾病的危险因素.结果 被检查的1 000名女性中,乳腺疾病患病率为41.5%,且集中在30～、40～岁年龄组.其中乳腺增生368例,乳腺纤维瘤8例,其他乳腺良性肿瘤33例,乳腺癌1例,经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,乳腺疾病与绝经、流产次数、母乳喂养累计时间、烦恼、子宫肌瘤病史、乳腺增生家族史等因素有关.结论 乳腺疾病的危险因素,应加大乳腺保健知识的宣传力度,倡导健康的生活习惯,降低其患病率.%Objective To investigate morbidity rate of female mastopathies and to identify their risk factors in Haidian district through an epidemiological investigation so as to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of female mastopathy. Methods In stratified random sampling method, 1 000 women aged 18~60 years in Haidian district were extracted. The women received questionnaire investigation, physical examination of breast and near-infrared breast scanning by specialized doctors. Those women whose diagnosis was unclear received further examinations such as breast ultrasonography or molybdenum palladium roentgenography of breast and so on to determine diagnosis of the woman. According to the examination results, the investigation subjects were divided into normal group and mastopathy group and analyzed statistically in order to indentify risk factors of mastopathies. Results Among 1 000 women investigated, the morbidity rate of mastopathy was 41.5%, and the patients were concentrated in the 30~ years and 40~ years age groups. Of which, 1 case of breast cancer, 368 cases of mammary hyperplasia, 8 cases of fibroadenomas and 33 cases of benign tumours were diagnosed. Multi-factorial logistic regression analysis showed that mastopathy was associated with menopause, frequency of induced abortion, cumulative time of breast-feeding, annoyance (vexation), history of hysteromyoma, family history of mammary hyperplasia and other factors. Conclusion The highest morbidity rate of mastopathy of women is seen in the 30~ years and 40~ years age groups. The cumulative time of breast-feeding is a protective factor for mastopathy. Non-menopause, history of hysteromyoma, family history of mammary hyperplasia, worriing about suffering from breast cancer are all risk factors of mastopathies. The education of knowledge about health care of mammary glands should be strengthened and healthy lifestyles should be advocated to reduce morbidity rate of mastopathy.
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