空间可达性(以下简称可达性)作为一项分析工具已经被广泛应用于城市规划、交通规划和地理等学科的研究及应用领域,用以了解人们所能获得的活动机会以及开展经济建设活动所能获得的潜在经济效益等.但是从目前频繁使用的一些过于简单的衡量方法可以发现,人们对其丰富的内涵、差异化的类型认识不足,这容易导致对研究问题的误判.本文介绍了3种经典的可达性定义以及相应的3种衡量方法;采用横向对比法,从假设前提的合理性、计算过程的复杂性、衡量结果的相似性和应用领域对比了3种衡量方法的差异;介绍了可达性经典衡量方法在内涵扩充、数据质量和分析单元等方面的应用现状;最后就选择合适的可达性衡量方法提出相应原则.%Spatial accessibility is widely used to measure the potential activity opportunity and economic benefits in fields of urban planning, transportation and geography. However, little is known about the meaning and type of spatial accessibility, which results in erroneous judgement of research questions. We introduced three types of spatial accessibility and compared the differences innotheoretical hypotheses, calculation method, results and the application fields. We introduced the opportunities and challenges in developing the concept, improving data quality and choosing the appropriate analysis unit. We developed principles of selecting the appropriate measurement of spatial accessibility.
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