目前,农村商业银行是我国农村金融供给主体,农村金融新政及利率市场化改革势必影响其市场势力,进而影响其风险承担和效率.本文利用39家农村商业银行2006－2016年数据,运用似不相关回归、随机前沿成本函数和随机前沿利润函数,分别测算其市场势力、成本效率和利润效率,并基于市场势力视角运用联立方程组动态GMM分析农村商业银行风险承担和效率的关系.结果表明: (1)农村商业银行风险承担和效率具有连续性和顺周期性. (2)市场势力越大,农村商业银行承担的风险越小,同时成本效率越低、利润效率越高,但市场势力对风险的影响作用有限. (3)农村商业银行风险承担与效率之间相互影响.风险承担与利润效率相互之间呈正向影响,与成本效率呈反向影响.以上结论对于我国农村商业银行经营特别有价值的启示是,农村商业银行在通过市场势力的扩张实现规模利润最大化的同时,成本效率是降低的,也减弱了其风险承担能力,因此,农村商业银行需要特别关注规模与成本效率、风险承担能力的合理匹配.%Rural commercial banks are the main providers of rural finance in China.The reform of the new rural financial policies and interest rate liberalization will inevitably affect their market power, then affect risk－taking and efficiency. Based on the data from 39 rural commercial banks in 2006－2016, this paper calculates market power, cost efficiency and profit efficiency respectively by using the quasi－unrelated regression, stochastic frontier cost function and stochastic fron－tier profit function and builds a dynamic GMM simultaneous equations to analyze the relationship between risk－taking and efficiency of rural commercial banks.The results show that (1) risk－taking and efficiency are continuous and cyclical. (2) The greater the market power, the less risk－taking, the lower the cost efficiency and the higher the profit efficiency of the rural commercial banks, but the impact of market power on risk is limited.(3) risk－taking and efficiency have mutual influence: the relationship between risk－taking and profit efficiency is positive, while risk－taking has negative effect on cost efficiency.These conclusions suggest that rural commercial banks maximize their scale profits through the expansion of market power, while cost efficiency is reduced and their risk－taking capacity is also weakened.Therefore, the operators of rural commercial banks need to pay special attention to the reasonable matching among scale, cost effi－ciency and risk－taking capacity.
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