The energy supply of nodes will be limited strictly in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Considering the characteristics, a new scheme called energy-efficient multipath routing (EMR) is presented. Based on AODV,this scheme analyses path hopcount, residual energy of nodes and energy status of sensor networks. The packets can be transmitted along the multiple paths according to the minimum hop or their Key Energy Ratio, reduces the network energy consumption, and avoids heavy traffic on some critical nodes. The simulation results show that compared with AODV the scheme effectively improves the packet delivery ratio, and the end-to-end delay,delays the emergence of the death node, and prolongs the network lifetime.%针对无线传感器网络节点能量受限的特点,本文提出了一种能量有效、负载均衡的多路径路由算法(EMR).该算法在按需路由协议AODV基础上,不单纯以最小跳数或者最小时延作为路由选择依据,充分考虑到了路由的能量消耗最小化,避开剩余能量过低的节点,数据沿着最小跳数或路径关键能量比较高的路径传输,降低了网络的能量消耗,也避免关键节点的过量负载.分析与仿真结果表明,与AODV协议相比较,EMR具有更好的分组投递率、端到端时延,推迟了网络中出现死亡节点的时间,从而延长了网络生命周期.
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