大数据是继云计算、物联网之后IT产业又一次颠覆性的技术革命。大数据挖掘和应用可创造出超万亿美元的价值，将是未来IT领域最大的市场机遇之一。大数据利用对数据处理的实时性、有效性提出了更高要求，需要根据大数据特点对传统的常规数据处理技术进行技术变革，形成适用于大数据收集、存储、管理、处理、分析、共享和可视化的技术。文中介绍了大数据的概念及其关键技术，描述了大数据带来的机遇和挑战，概述了美国政府的“大数据研究和发展倡议”。%Big Data is a disruptive technology revolution of IT industry following the cloud computing and Internet of Things. Big Data mining and applications can create significant value for the world economy,will be one of the biggest market opportunities of IT field in the future. Use of Big Data puts forward higher requirements for the real-time and effectiveness of data processing,demands improving conventional data processing technology according to the characteristics of Big Data,forms the techniques appropriate to Big Data collec-tion,storage,management,processing,analysis,sharing and visualization. Introduce the concept of Big Data and its key technologies,de-scribe the opportunities and challenges brought about by the Big Data,outline the"Big Data Research and Development Initiative" of U. S. federal government.
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