目前油田注水设备及地面管线严重的结垢现象已经影响到油田正常的生产运行,而油田常见的结垢物主要为碳酸钙、硫酸钙等盐类垢,因此有必要对油田管道盐类垢的形成及影响因素进行分析.对 4 种常见的盐类垢进行了室内静态结垢实验,重点研究了结垢温度、作用时间以及管道材质对结垢速率的影响.实验结果表明:在 40 ℃和 80 ℃时,垢质晶体的形成速率较慢,而在 60 ℃时,垢质晶体的形成速率较快,相同温度下,不同晶体类型的结垢速率也存在较大的差异;不同盐类垢均在 8 h 内的结垢速率最大,随着静置时间的延长结垢速率逐渐减小;钢制挂片表面的结垢量明显大于聚乙烯管道的结垢量,说明钢制挂片与介质发生的氧化反应对垢质的形成具有一定的促进作用.%At present, the scale of water injection equipments and the pipelines in the oil field has already affected the normal production and operation. The common scaling in the oilfield is the calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and other salt scale. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the formation and influencing factors of salt scaling in oil field pipeline. The indoor static fouling experiments were carried out on 4 kinds of common salt scales. The effect of temperature, time and the effect of pipeline material on fouling rate were studied. The experimental results show that the formation rate of the scale crystals is slower at 40 ℃ and 80 ℃, while the rate of the scale crystals is fast at 60 ℃; and the fouling rate of different crystal types is different under the same temperature; The fouling rate of different salts in 8 h is the largest, and the scaling rate decreases with the prolonging of the time; The fouling rate of the steel plate is obviously higher than that of the polyethylene pipe, which shows that the oxidation reaction of the steel plate and the medium has a certain effect on the formation of the scale.
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