由于各种工业和结构的要求，不可避免地要在压力容器上开孔并安装接管，开孔必然会造成器壁强度的削弱，其削弱程度的大小可通过应力集中系数的大小来体现。通过对平板上开小圆孔边缘处的应力计算分析，得出开孔处应力集中系数的简便计算方法。运用该方法可以准确的计算出球壳以及圆柱壳等壳体上开圆孔的应力集中系数，确定危险位置及应力的大小，为确保压力容器的安全提供必要的条件。%Because of the requirement of various kinds of structures and industries, it’s inevitably to make holes in the pressure vessel to install nozzles, the opening will weaken the strength of vessel, and the weakened degree can be reflected by the stress concentration coefficient. Through computing and analyzing stress of small round openings’ edge in flat, a simple computing method about the stress concentration factor was derived. Using this method can accurately calculate the stress concentration factor about lots of shells (spherical shell, cylindrical shell, etc.) to determine the dangerous position and the magnitude of stress, which may provide necessary conditions to ensure the safety of pressure vessels.
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