The railway oil truck for transportation of light oil in China often uses the offloading means by the pump from the top of oil truck. During the offloading, uneven temperature distribution of light oil in the truck is an important factor to cause the vapor lock of swing arm. In this paper, the three-dimensional unsteady heat conduction model of light-oil temperature field in the oil truck was established through analyzing geometric characteristics of the tank, and its boundary conditions were determined. The model was solved by ANSYS software;the distribution of temperature field was obtained. The light-oil temperature field can provide some guidances for unloading operations to avoid the vapor lock of swing arm.% 我国运输轻质油品的铁路罐车都采用上卸式卸油方式，而罐车内轻油温度分布不均匀是造成鹤管气阻的一个重要因素。通过分析罐车的几何特性建立了油罐车内轻油温度场三维非稳态热传导模型及求解边界条件，并使用 ANSYS 有限元软件求解该数学模型，获得了罐内轻油温度分布。通过分析轻油温度场，可以指导卸车作业，避免气阻发生。
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