The fermentation engineering is a technique that uses modern technical means and certain features of micro-organisms to produce useful products, or directly apply the microorganisms into industrial production process. The fermentation engineering has been widely applied in many fields because of its moderate production conditions, abundant and inexpensive source of raw materials, product specificity, and small environmental pollution and so on. Because of its strong nonlinear, ordinary PID controller is difficult to achieve satisfactory control effect. In this paper, PID parameters based on particle swarm optimization was proposed, and a PSO-PID controller was obtained. The simulation results show that the optimized PID controller is better.%酵工程是指采用现代工程技术手段，利用微生物的某些特定功能，为人类生产有用的产品，或直接把微生物应用于工业生产过程的一种技术。发酵工程以其生产条件温和，原料来源丰富且价格低廉，产物专一，废弃物对环境污染小和容易处理等特点，而在许多领域得到了广泛的应用，逐步形成了规模庞大的发酵工业。由于其具有较强的非线性，普通的PID控制器很难达到满意的控制效果。提出基于粒子群算法优化PID参数，优化并获得一个PSO-PID控制器。仿真结果表明，优化后的PID控制器效果更佳。
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