As an important part in grassland ecosystem, microorganisms play an important role in material and energy transformation. The diversity of soil microorganisms is sensitivity to environmental changes and it can display change of ecosystem function early. This paper reviewed the advances in the studies on grazing on grassland vegetation, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity and the research methods of soil microorganism, Finally, this study proposed the key points of soil microbial diversity research in the future.%土壤微生物是草地生态系统重要组成部分，在草原生态系统中物质与能量循环中起着重要作用。土壤微生物多样性对环境变化很敏感，能较早指示生态系统功能变化。本文就放牧对草地植被、土壤理化性质和微生物多样性的影响及土壤微生物研究方法现状进行了总结，最后就对草地土壤微生物多样性研究进行了展望。
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