低温流体尤其是液氮在航天、电子冷却、低温生物医疗与超导磁体与电缆等领域有着广泛的应用.文中对光滑与多孔表面上的流体核态沸腾换热与临界热流密度的研究进行了归纳；总结了低温流体池沸腾的研究现状；比较了低温流体与常见制冷剂以及水在物性上的主要差异；综合分析了加热表面材料、多孔层厚度、孔隙率、烧结颗粒直径、平均孔隙直径与压力等因素对核态沸腾过程的影响.在多孔表面核态沸腾过程中观察到的迟滞现象也是文中的研究内容.%Cryogenic fluids, liquid nitrogen especially, have been widely used in many fields such as aerospace, electronic cooling, cryobiology and cryo - medicine, and cooling of superconducting magnet and power cable. This article summarized the correlations of nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux on smooth and porous surfaces , presented a review of recent works on pool boiling of cryogenic fluids. Major physical and thermal properties of cryogenic fluids, refrigerants and water were compared. Factors influencing nucleate boiling process such as surface material, thickness, porosity, particle diameter, mean pore size and pressure were also analyzed. The frequent observed phenomenon hysteresis was also the research content.
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