四元教学设计（4C/ID）模式认为，要实现综合学习需要借助学习任务、相关知能、支持程序和专项操练等因素。本文探讨了如何运用这一模式设计多媒体学习环境及相关的22条多媒体原则。“学习任务”这一成分的主要目的是通过归纳学习来建构图式。通过运用任务排序、身临实境、过程支持、适度变式、合作协同原则和任务补全等原则，多媒体可以给学习者提供更加充分的完成学习任务的机会。“相关知能”这一成分的主要目的是在工作记忆中进行精细加工并建构图式，其间，可以运用激活旧知、多种媒体、动态可视、控制冗余、连贯一致、自我解释和自定步调等原则加以促进。%The Four-Component Instructional Design Model claims that accomplishing complex learning requires an assistance from learning task,supportive information,procedural information and part-task practices.This article discusses the use of this model to design multimedia learning environments and twenty-two relevant multimedia principles.The main purpose of the "learning task" is to promote schema construction through inductive learning.By using principles such as sequencing,fidelity,training²wheels,variability,collaboration,completion-strategy and other principles, multimedia can provide learners more opportunities to complete learning tasks.The main purpose of the "supportive information" is to facilitate a process of elaboration to promote schema construction in the working memory by using principles such as prior knowledge activation,multimedia,dynamic visu alizations,redundancy,coherence,self-explanation and self-pacing.
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