The optimization of modern industrial system has become an important part of the transformation of economic devel-opment mode in Central and Western Regions. Taking Anhui province undertaking industries transfer from Yangtze River delta as an example, this paper analyzed the inner motivation, constraints and the implementation path to optimize the modern in-dustrial system. We put forward some countermeasures to achieve the goal of modern industrial system optimization according to these constraints including the public service system and supporting facilities being not sound, lacking technological innova-tion and elements upgrading,lacking the mechanism of industrial transformation and upgrading,and the less control capacity of industrial value chain.%推进现代产业体系优化已经成为中西部地区转变经济发展方式的重要途径和理论研究热点问题之一。文章结合安徽省承接长三角地区产业转移的实例，对中西部地区承接产业转移过程中推进现代产业体系优化的内在动因、优劣势和制约因素进行了分析。从公共服务、技术创新、禀赋升级、结构优化、产业联动发展和产业价值链升级等方面提出了推动现代产业体系优化的政策建议。
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