为了解海州湾海洋牧场浮游动物群落结构季节性变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,分别于2015年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(10月)进行了3个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游动物29种,其中,节肢动物门最多,有20种,毛颚动物门4种,腔肠动物门3种;桡足纲及甲壳纲浮游动物为当地主要种类.海州湾海洋牧场秋季浮游动物种类数达16种,大于夏季(10种)和春季(8种).人工鱼礁区各个季节的浮游动物群落丰度与对照区无显著差异(P>0.05),春、夏两季的浮游动物群落种类数无显著区域性差异(P>0.05),而秋季对照区浮游动物种类数显著高于人工鱼礁区(P<0.05).海州湾海洋牧场浮游动物夏季种类数显著高于春季(P<0.05);秋季浮游动物丰度显著低于春、夏两季(P<0.05).人工鱼礁区和对照区的Shannon-wiener多样性指数均在夏季达到最大值,分别为1.571和2.107,春季最小,为0.380和0.554;而均匀度则在秋季达到最大值,分别为0.214和0.224,且春季浮游动物群落结构与夏、秋两季相似度较低,夏、秋两季群落结构更复杂.典范对应分析结果表明,影响浮游动物群落丰度及分布的主要因素为海表温度(SST)、生物需氧量(BOD5)、叶绿素(Chl-a)、溶解氧浓度(DO)和部分营养盐(SiO32--Si、NO3--N和PO43--P),且影响因素存在季节性差异.浮游植物群落丰度也是影响浮游动物群落丰度及分布的重要因素之一.%With the aim of understanding the zooplankton community structure and the variation with environment of Haizhou Bay, three surveys were conducted in spring, summer and autumn of 2015. A total number of 29 taxa were identified, among which Arthropoda with 20 species, was the most abundant species, followed by Chaetognatha with 4 species and Cnidaria with 3 species. Copepoda and Crustacea were the main local species. The number of zooplankton species in autumn reached 16, which was larger than that in summer and spring. There were no significant differences observed in zooplankton abundance between artificial reef area and control area seasonally (P>0.05), the composition of zooplankton showed no significant differences between areas in spring and summer (P>0.05), while in the autumn, the taxa number of zooplankton in the control area was significantly higher than that in the artificial reef (P<0.05). The taxa number of zooplankton in summer was significantly higher than that in spring (P<0.05); the abundance of zooplankton in autumn was significantly lower than that in spring and summer (P<0.05). Shannon-wiener index was the highest in summer (1.571 and 2.107) and lowest in spring (0.380 and 0.554), and the evenness index had the highest value in autumn (0.214 and 0.224), the similarity of zooplankton community structure in spring was different with that in summer and autumn, and the community structure in summer and autumn was more complex than that in spring. Based on Canonical correspondence analysis of zooplankton and environment data, the results showed that main factors affecting the zooplankton abundance and distribution seasonally were sea surface temperature (SST), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrition (SiO32--Si、NO3--N 和 PO43--P). Moreover, the abundance of phytoplankton was another important factor affecting the abundance and distribution of zooplankton community.
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