土壤可有效记录和收集环境信息，文化遗址区内的土壤包含了丰富的古环境信息，然而在诸多的研究中，对仰韶文化变迁与气候变化之间的关系研究较少，缺乏定量科学依据。为了探讨土壤色度指标的气候意义，半定量的恢复仰韶文化时期的气候环境状况，在河南仰韶村遗址选择1个含人类遗迹的文化剖面和1个没有人类扰动的自然剖面进行对比研究，利用日本CM-700d分光测色仪分别测试2个研究剖面土壤色度指标（亮度、红度、黄度），并与剖面的磁化率、粒度特征进行综合分析，探讨仰韶文化时期的古气候变化。结果发现：色度等各气候指标都能一定程度上科学地反映古气候变化，但仅根据某一种气候替代指标推导气候结果是片面的，只有综合考虑多项气候替代指标，才能够准确合理地重建气候的变化过程。色度指标沿剖面呈有规律的变化，文化剖面L*、a*、b*各指标值随剖面深度加深数值呈增加趋势，自然剖面a*值随剖面深度加深呈增加趋势，而 L*、b*指标值则呈减小趋势，同时色度各指标值可以与磁化率、粒度进行很好的结合。综合来看，文化剖面由于人类活动的干扰，气候的反演大致与自然剖面相对应，总体而言反映的气候环境信息大体相同，剖面从下向上可分为4个气候变化阶段，变暖期-干冷期-暖湿期-干冷期。这一结果也说明了暖湿的气候是文明繁荣发展的动因，而干冷的气候则会使文明走向衰落。%Soil can effectively record and collect environmental information, soil contains rich environmental information in ancient cultural sites. In many studies, however, the research of the relationship between the change of Yangshao Culture and climate change is less, the lack of quantitative scientific basis. To investigate climate significance of soil chroma index and recover semi-quantitativly climate conditions in the period of Yangshao Culture, based on choosing a culture profile containing traces of ancient culture and a nature profile with no human disturbance in Yangshao Village Relic paleosol in Henan Province, the comparative study was discussed in this paper. The chroma index of lightness, redness and yellowness were measured respectively by CM-700d from Japan and compared with the magnetic susceptibility and grain size, trying to reveal paleoclimate change. The results showed:Climate proxies such as chroma index and etc can scientifically reflect the changes of paleoclimate in some degree, but the changes reflected by just one climate proxy were one sided. Only by comprehensive analysis of various climate proxies, the reasonable and correct changes can be rebuilt.Due to the interference of human activities,the culture profile’s inversion results of climate were worse than the nature profile’s, but roughly corresponding to the natural profile. Although each climate indicator of two profiles was different, but overall reflecting the same climate information. It can be divided into four climate change stages from below to above, warming period-dry and cold period-warm and himid period-dry and cold period. This result also showed warm and humid climate was the catalyst for the development of civilization, while dry-cold climate would cause the decline of civilization.
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