应用统计学和GIS对2014年3月-2015年2月期间190个监测城市的NO2、PM10、PM2.5和SO2的监测数据进行时空特征分布分析,结果表明,中国大气污染主要来源于采暖排放、机动车排放、工业排放与风沙天气.各污染物呈明显的区域性分布.污染物浓度总体趋势是北方地区高于南方地区.河北南部以及山东东部等重工业密集且人口密度大的地区污染较为严重.而中西部及东南部等工业发展相对落后人口较为稀少的地区污染较轻.PM10污染呈明显的季节变化,采暖期PM10主要来源于燃煤排放和机动车尾气排放,非采暖期受风沙天气影响显著,且在春、秋的风沙时期保持较高的值.采暖期PM2.5、SO2和NO2的浓度上升明显,其中SO2受到采暖期的影响最为显著.NO2主要来源于工业排放以及汽车尾气排放,因而工业布局密集且交通发达的城市污染较为严重.采暖期与非采暖期NO2、PM10、PM2.5和SO2的浓度对比变化显著,采暖期燃煤对空气质量的影响巨大.%In order to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of NO2, PM10, PM2.5and SO2 in China, 190 cities' data of the fourair pollutants from March 2014 to February 2015 were evaluated by statistical method and GIS. Results showed that the main sources of pollutants in China derived mainly from heating emissions, motor vehicle emissions, industrial emissions and sand storm. The four pollutants performed an obvious regional distribution, which indicated thatthe concentration in North China is higher than that in South. The region with large population and heavy industries, such as southern Hebei and eastern Shandong, were severely polluted. And the region with less population and industries, such as Midwest and Southeast China, were slightly polluted. The concentration of PM10 was highly affected by season and climate, for example, PM10 was significantly influenced by coal in heating period, but by sandstorm weather in non-heating period. The concentration of PM2.5, SO2and NO2 all increased in heating period, while SO2 was the most sensitive pollutant. The pollution caused by NO2 in developed areas is more serious, which attributed to the industrial and vehicle emissions. Above all, the pollutants' concentration distribution was different in heating and non-heating period, and coal combustion had a significant negative impact on air pollution in heating period.
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