能值用以表征一种流动或储存的能量所包含另一类别能量的数量，即产品或者劳务形成过程中消耗的总能量，常以太阳能为度量标准。能值作为生态经济学中的新概念，它的提出实现了物质流、能量流、经济流、人口流和信息流等的统一量化，架设了“环境与经济间的桥梁”，能值理论和应用目前已成为生态经济学研究的热点领域，能值分析方法正日益发展成为生态经济系统评价的基本工具。文章首先以Web of Science数据库中1998─2013年间收录主题为“emergy”的文献为基础数据，对能值研究的学科、时间、区域和机构等分布情况进行了统计分析，发现能值研究文献数量呈逐年上升趋势，主要分布在生态、环境及能源相关学科，中、美、意大利3国及锡耶纳大学、北京师范大学、北京大学、中国科学院和佛罗里达大学等研究机构表现出较强的研究实力。其次，利用CiteSpace软件绘制了能值研究文献的共被引知识图谱，对其知识基础及核心作者的影响力进行了探讨。图谱研究显示，Odum H T、Brown M T、Hau J L、Ulgiati S等学者及其代表作品对能值理论知识基础的构建及相关研究的推进奠定了坚实的基础。最后，通过对能值研究领域出现关键词及膨胀词的共词分析与词频分析，绘制出能值领域的研究热点演进脉络，并探测环境可持续性、可持续发展、生态系统服务、电力生产、能值核算、生命周期研究法等前沿命题，可见系统可持续发展及能值与其它理论方法的结合应用将成为能值研究的新热点。目前能值研究文献数量持续增长，但其理论研究速度落后于应用范围及领域的延伸速度，能值转换率及评价指标体系已无法满足小区域、微观小系统的研究需求，核心作者及代表作品较少，且欠缺与动态模型及仿真技术的结合应用。因此，未来能值研究应在以下几方面有所侧重：加强能值理论及方法的完善与应用范围的延伸；能值研究对象类别的划分及评价指标的统一；将能值方法与动态模型相结合应用在某些生态经济系统未来发展的动态评价研究中。%Emergy is used to measure the amount of energy of one type (usually solar energy) that is required to provide a given flow or storage of energy or matter, it is the energy consumption of a product or service formed. As a new concept in ecological economics, emergy theory builds “a bridge between environment and economy” and unifies the quantification of material flow, energy flow, economic flow, population flow and information flow. Now emergy theory and its application have become hot domains in ecological economics, and emergy analysis method is also increasingly developing into a basic evaluation tool of eco-economic system. Firstly, based on data of literatures including theme of“emergy”collected from Web of Science during 1998 and 2013, statistical analysis of distribution about emergy research involved discipline, time, region and institution is given in this article, it is shown that number of literatures about emergy is on rise year by year, mainly focuses on subjects such as ecology, environmental science and energy, and research strength of emergy concentrates in Italy, China and USA. Univ Siena, Beijing Normal University, Peking University, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Florida and so on show stronger research strength of emergy. Then CiteSpace software is used to draw out the literature co-citation mapping knowledge domain to analyze knowledge foundation and influence of core authors of emergy. The mapping knowledge domain reveals that researchers such as Odum HT, Brown MT, Hau JL, Ulgiati S and so on have established solid basement of emergy research and pushed the research forward. Finally, a co-word analysis and word frequency analysis of key words and expansion words are conducted to draw out the clustering-map of evolution of hot domains of emergy and viewgraph of expansion words. From viewgraph of expansion words, we find out some research fronts of emergy such as environmental sustainability, sustainable development, ecosystem services, electricity production, emergy accounting, life cycle assessment and so on. It is evident that sustainable development and combination with other theories or methods are going to be new hot domains of emergy research. However, theoretical research of emergy seriously lags behind the extent of application range of it. Transformity and evaluation index system of emergy now can not meet the needs of research on micro-region and micro-system. Shortage of core authors and typical works as well combination with dynamic models and emulation techniques are also problems that should be solved. Future researches of emergy should focus on better improving the theory and method as well as extending application range of emergy;categorizing objects of study and unify evaluation index;combining emergy method with dynamic models to achieve a dynamic evaluation of sustainable development for some eco-economic systems.
展开▼
