首先阐述了保护性耕作的国内外发展现状,指出我国保护性耕作存在的主要问题:关键技术创新研究不够,具有中国南方特色的稻田保护性耕作制度、模式及其技术体系尚未形成;与南方独特的自然地理条件、复杂的稻田耕作制度相匹配的保护性耕作机具研究亟待加强;技术推广保障体系薄弱,适合农村实际的推广机制有待进一步探索.其次,从土壤理化性状、土壤生物学特性、节能减排效应和病虫害生态调控等4方面综述了稻田保护性耕作的生态效应最新研究进展.最后,针对我国南方稻区特别是西南丘陵山区稻田保护性耕作的发展提出了3点建议:加大政策扶持力度,建立政策优惠、财政补贴、生态补偿等多元化长效投入机制;重点开展技术攻关,深入研究中稻-再生稻优质、高产、高效保护性耕作关键技术;丘陵山区稻田周年高效农作制度创新与配套保护性耕作技术,以及以水旱轮作为中心的稻田保护性耕作技术节能减排效应的技术机理;进一步强化现有技术集成,扩大技术成果的示范,加快技术成果向生产力的转变.%This paper firstly expounded the developing situation of conservation tillage at home and abroad, pointed out the main problems of conservation tillage in China: innovation research of key technology was not enough. up to now, paddy-field cropping system, tillage mode and technical system which has the characteristic of southem China were not yet formed. The conservation tillage machine which matching to the unique natural and geographical conditions, complex paddy-field cropping system in the south of China needs more research. Promoting technology guarantee system is weak, the promotion mechanism which suitable for rural actual situation needs into-step exploration. Secondly, this paper reviewed the latest research progress of ecological efficiency in paddy-field conservation tillage. Such as soil physical and chemical properties, soil biological characteristic, energy-saving and emission-reduction, integrated pest prevention and control, etc. Finally, this paper put forward three strategies which are aiming at the development of paddy-field conservation tillage in the south of China especially in the southwest hills and mountains region.Increase policy support and govemment spending, establish pluralism investment mechanism. Such as policy favour, grant-in-aid,ecological compensation, etc. Strengthen key technology research, such as research on the key technology of high yield, high quality and high efficiency conservation tillage in hybrid mid-season and ratooning rice, innovation research of highly efficient farming system and conservation tillage in the southwest hills and mountains region paddy-field, energy-saving and emission-reduction research of paddy-field conservation tillage which centers on the rice field-upland field rotation. Further strengthen existing technology integration, expanding technical achievements demonstration, Accelerating technological transformation of achievements to productivity.
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