通过对神府煤田开采区3个煤矿区周围土壤Cu、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni质量分数进行测定及分析,评价了煤田开采对周围土壤的污染程度.结果表明,长期的煤炭资源开发、运输等活动,已导致周围土壤受到重金属不同程度的累积性污染,土壤中Cd、Ni质量分数高于陕西省土壤背景值,且Cd污染程度较高,Ni污染程度较低,而Cu、Cr、Mn基本不受污染.3个煤矿表层土壤各重金属元素质量分数均表现出污染区大于对照区,但这种变化幅度存在一定差异；Cu、Cr、Mn3种重金属元素虽没有超出背景值,但已表现出一定程度的累积；煤矿周围土壤重金属污染受到开采年限、土壤质地、风向等因素的影响.3个煤矿污染区土壤剖面样品中,5种重金属元素质量分数基本上随着土壤深度的增加呈现降低的趋势,且这种趋势具有波动性.%The soil heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni) content around three collieries in the Shenfu coal mine area was measured. The results indicated that the long-term development and transportation of coal resources had resulted in heavy metal contamination around the collieries. The soil Cd and Ni content was greater than background values measured in other parts of Shaanxi Province, indicating that the soil around the collieries was contaminated with Cd and Ni. In contrast, the soil Cu, Cr, and Mn content was less than the background values. The soil heavy metal content in the contaminated areas was more than the comparison site, but the magnitude of the change varied among the heavy metal species. Soil Cu, Cr, and Mn contents were less than the background values, but they still increased as colliery age increased. The age of the colliery, the soil texture, and the wind direction were among the factors affecting heavy metal pollution around the collieries. The heavy metal content in the soil profile generally decreased as soil depth increased.
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