在分析泡沫塑料受热行为的基础上,对硬质聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺( PMI)、聚氨酯(PUR)、酚醛(PF)及交联硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫塑料进行了差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TG)、静态热机械分析(TMA)、马丁耐热温度、热变形温度(HDT)、尺寸稳定性、高温压缩蠕变、均匀受压时高温体积收缩率等热性能测试.研究表明,DSC,TG,TMA等热分析仅反映了硬质泡沫塑料中聚合物部分的耐热性,不能反映硬质泡沫塑料的整体耐热性,也不能反映密度对耐热性的影响;依照GB/T 1699-2003测试马丁耐热温度的方法和依照GB/T 1634-2004测试HDT的方法不适用于硬质泡沫塑料耐热性的测试;依照GB/T 8811-2008测试的尺寸稳定性和依照DIN 53424-1978测试的HDT可以初步作为硬质泡沫塑料耐热性的表征方法;依照GB/T 15048-1994测试高温压缩蠕变的方法以及依据固化工艺条件测试均匀受压时的体积收缩率的方法能够更加准确地表征硬质泡沫塑料的实际耐热性.%Based on the thermal behavior analysis of foam plastics, several thermoanalysis methods (DSC, TG, TMA ) and standard testing methods for the Matin heat resistance temperature, heat distortion temperature(HDT), dimensional stability, high-temperature compression creep and shrinkage rate at uniform pressure of the rigid PMI, PUR, PF and cross-linked PVC foams plastics were analyzed. The results indicated that the several thermoanalysis methods (DSC, TG, TMA ) just represented the heat resistance of polymer matrix in foam, rather than the whole foam, and those methods also could not response the influence of density factor on heat resistance. The national standard GB / T 1699-2003 for Matin heat resistance temperature and GB / T 1634-2004 for HDT could not apply to heat resistance of the rigid foams. The national standard GB/T 8811-2008 for dimensional stability and DEN 53424?978 for HDT could preliminary represent heat resistance of the rigid foams, while the national standard GB / T 15048?994 for high-temperature compression creep and volume shrinkage rate at uniform pressure according to the curing process was more accurate and practical for heat resistance of the rigid foams.
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