Sampling was carried out in spring and summer of 2014 in order to study the structure of phytoplankton community and its relationship with environment factors in different seasons in Yuqiao Reservoir. A total of 99 species belonging to six phyla were identified with 62 species belonging to Chlorophyta, 21 species belonging to Diatoms, seven species belonging to Cyanophyta, four species belonging to Euglenophyta and two species belonging to Pyrrophyta. Among these species, 86 species belonging to six phyla were identified in spring and 62 species belonging to five phyla were identified in summer. In spring, phytoplankton density was much lower than in summer. The first dominant specie was Scenedesmus quadricauda in spring, whereas Microcystis aeruginos dominated in summer. Phytoplankton community structure has obvious seasonal variation in Yuqiao Reservoir. Similarity of sampling points in spring was higher than summer. Transparency, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient concentrations were the most important factors in the aquatic environment in terms of their influence on the phytoplankton community composition based on RDA.%为研究于桥水库浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系，于2014年春夏季进行采样分析。两季共鉴定出浮游植物6门99种，其中绿藻门（ Chlorophyta ）62种，硅藻门（ Diatoms ）21种，蓝藻门（ Cyanophyta ）7种，裸藻门（Euglenophyta）4种，甲藻门（Pyrrophyta）2种，隐藻门（Cryptophyta）2种。春季浮游植物6门86种，第一优势种为绿藻门的四尾栅藻（ Scenedesmus quadricauda ）；夏季浮游植物5门62种，第一优势种为蓝藻门的铜绿微囊藻（ Microcystis aeruginosa）。春季浮游植物密度低于夏季，于桥水库浮游植物群落结构具有明显的季节变化规律。 RDA分析结果表明，春季采样点的相似性高于夏季，透明度、水温、溶解氧和营养盐是影响于桥水库浮游植物群落组成的关键环境因子。
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